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Aviation History
1963
1963 - 1260.PDF
88 FLIGHT International, 18 July 196 AJIR TRANSPORT IN THE USSR A PICTURE of the development of Soviet airline traffic in the four-year period 1958-61 is published by ICAO in its annual report and is shown in the following tables. The source is not given but is presumed to be official, otherwise it is doubtful whether ICAO would give currency to it. Development of Soviet Civil Air Tramport All services of Aeroflot 1958-61 (millions) Above the Tronsylvanian Alps in an llyushin 11-18 flying the new Prague • Ankara route of Czechoslovak Airlines Years 1958 1959 I960 1961 Passengers carried 8.2 12.2 16.0 21.8 Passenger- kilometres (Passenger- miles) 6.400 (3,977) 9,100 (5,655) 12,100 (7.519) 16.400 (10,191) Cargo and mail tonne- kilometres (Ton-miles) 399 (273) 439 (301) 563 (386) 802 (549) Total* Tonne- kilometres (Ton-miles) performed 1,040 (710) 1.350 (925) 1,775 (1.215) 2,440 (1,670) Annual Percentage Increases Al R COM MERCE . .. 1962 AND A 1961 POSTSCRIPT TO anyone who thinks that ICAO is just another government organization, without which aviation would go on much the same, the latest annual report of the organization is worth recommending. It recounts the work done by ICAO to further international aviation during the year, and this year's report* is more impressive than ever, particularly in its coverage of the unsung technical fields. International civil aviation in 1962, it is recorded, increased 12.5 per cent in terms of load ton-miles, compared with 8.9 per cent in the previous year, 1961. Revised figures are given for financial results in 1961, which was the most financially dismal year since 1947. On the basis of additional information received over the last year it is estimated that total operating loss in 1961 was about SI 18m (£42m), on total revenues of $5,803m (£2,070m). The previous estimated loss was S140m (£50m), so that 1961 was not quite so dismal. A preliminary estimate for 1962 suggests that there was a small operating profit of about S60m (£21 m). The following table shows how airlines have been spending their money—increasingly more of it on depreciation. Where The Airline's Money Went: Distribution of Main Expenses Flight operations Maintenance and overhaul Depreciation and amortization General, administrative and other costs Total operating expenses I960 27.6 per cent 19.2 percent 11.4 per cent 41.8 per cent 100.0 per cent 1961 27.0 per cent 18.4 per cent 12.8 per cent 41.8 per cent 100.0 per cent Reverting again to traffic growth in 1962, largest percentage gain during the year was in cargo, the average growth of which from 1958-62 has been 15.1 per cent. Cargo now accounts for 19.4 per cent of total international and domestic load ton-miles com pared with 17.5 per cent in 1959. In 1962, for the second year, more cargo moved internationally than it did domestically. Passenger load factor in 1962 was 53.4 per cent compared with 60.1 per cent in 1959, overall load factor being 50.9 per cent com pared with 57 per cent in 1959. The world's airlines as a whole managed to get their costs down in 1962—from 31.2 cents per ton-mile in 1961 to about 29.8 cents per ton-mile in 1962. The DC-3 is still seen to be the most numerous single type of aeroplane at work. There were an estimated 1,200 of these veterans still in service in 1962 (see foot of col. 2). * Annual Report Of The Council To The Assembly For 1962. 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 10% 28% 42% 30% 31% 38% •Approximate figures Since total world traffic excluding the USSR is some 13,440m tonne-km, it would appear that the USSR carried just over 15 per cent of the world's total (excluding China) in 1961. A comparison of Aeroflot with US and UK traffic is as follows:— A Comparison Total operations (international and domestic) Passengers carried Passenger-kilometres Cargo and mail tonne- kilometres Total tonne- kilometres performed 1 United States 59.0 64,100 1,670 7,257 of Airline Traffic in IMI millions) USSR 21.8 16,400 802 2,4401* United Kingdom 7.8 8,136 198 908 Total 98 ICAO States III 117,000 3,200 13,440 USSR as percent* age of total ICAO States 20% 14% 25% 18% * Approximate figure It is estimated that in 1962 Aeroflot carried about 27m passen gers, or 24 per cent more than in 1961. Load factor was reported to have been more than 70 per cent, at fares—assumed exchange rate is not given—said to be as low as 3 or 4 US cents per mile. During 1962 about 8,400 miles of new routes were added to Aero- flot's domestic and international network, which now extends for nearly a quarter of a-million miles—about one-fifth of which are outside Soviet territory. Aeroflot now serves 28 capital cities and in turn the USSR is served by 21 foreign airlines. About half Aeroflot services in 1962 are estimated to have been flown by turboprops or turbojets and ICAO estimates that the airline has 150 Tu-104s, ten Tu-114s, and 110 Il-18s in service. The "western" fleet over the years 1958-62 was as follows:— ICAO Civil Transport Fleet* at the end of each year 1958-62 Type of Aircraft Turbojets Turboprops Piston: 4-engined 2-engined (excl DC-3) DC-3 Totals Number 1958 12 418 1,736 958 1,480 4.604 1959 130 639 1,723 1,021 1,428 I960 388 723 1,621 986 1,296 4,941 15,014 1961 609 828 1,428 1,005 1,233 1962 765 892 1,300 950 1,200 MO^l S.I07 Percentage of Tot< 1958 0.3 9 37.7 12 32 100.0 1959 2.5 13 . 35 20.5 29 100.0 I960 8 14 32.3 19.7 26 100.0 1961 12 16 28 20 24 100.0 il 7«2 15 17.5 25.4 18.6 23.5 woi * Aircraft having a maximum rake-off weight of lets thsm 9,070kg (20.000IW ,r* excluded.
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