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Aviation History
1964
1964 - 1831.PDF
1008 FLIGHT International, IB June 1964 SAFETY* 56 SEATS \ w Herald One-Eleven Viscount 810 Caravelle (3, « or 10) More exit plans (see explanation in caption on page 1007). Ventral stairs are indicated for the One-E/even, Caravelle and 727— see author's remarks on this subject, page 1907 GETTING OUT ALIVE... interesting example of how FAA authorization operates: basically the 727 is equipped with Type 1 forward entry door (34in by 72in) and Type 1 forward galley service door (33in by 65in), plus Type III forward overwing exits (20in by 38in) and Type IV after overwing exits (20in by 38in) each side; the aft overwing exits are classified Type IV by reason of the stepdown to the wing. These basic exits would permit 109 passengers to be carried. However, the Type IV exit is recognized as being effectively the same size as a Type III exit, and this permits an additional five passengers to be carried. A further five are authorized because inflatable escape slides are pro- vided at the main forward exits, while the ventral door allows for 12 more. The BAC One-Eleven also has a ventral door with hydraulically operated cteps, and it remains to be seen whether the authorities on both sides of the Atlantic will allow credit for this to permit the carriage of more than 79 passengers. Otherwise, the escape exits comprise the forward passenger entry door, 33in by 66in; and for- ward service door, 27in by 48in; and an overwing hatch each side 20in by 36in. Non-self-inflating chute stowage is provided. Older Aircraft So far we have been discussing the current re- quirements and the generation of airliners that have been designed to them. However, for years to come, there will be many thousands of aircraft still in service that were built before these requirements came into force. In many the emergency exits do not conform with present-day standards, but it is not practicable to demand that they should be modified. The ARB's view is that a well-proven old air- craft is best left alone, for dire structural troubles can result from cutting new holes in a fuselage. However, where an operator de- cides for other reasons to carry out a major structural alteration, then the Board will demand that emergency exits shall be provided TABLE 2: EMERGENCY EXITS AND SEATING CAPACITY,OLDER AIRCRAFT (FAA) Aircraft B-307 B-377 C-46 CV-240 CV-340 and CV-440 DC-3 DC-3 (Super) DC-4DC-6 DC-6B • L.I81.049. L-649. L-749 L.ICM9 series 2-0-2 4-0-4 Viscount 700 series Maximum number of occupants including all crew members 61 96 67 S3 53 35 39 8687 112 17 87 96 53 53 53 Corresponding number of exits authorized for passenger use 4 9 4 6 6 4 5 5 7 II 3 7 9 6 7 7 •7 SCATS DC-iB Boeing 727 * The DC-6A, if converted to passenger transport configuration, will be governed by the maximum number applicable to the DC-6B. in compliance with modern requirements, and will call for test evacuations. America's CARs have a special requirement limiting the maximum number of passengers that may be carried in aircraft certificated before April 1957, as shown in Table 2. Specified numbers of addi- tional passengers may be carried if approved additional exits are provided; conversely, if any existing exits are sealed up, the maxi- mum number of passengers must be reduced, so that the ratio of occupants to exits shall never be greater than 14 to 1. The ARB does not go all the way with these provisions, preferring to consider individual cases on their merits. For instance, they are not prepared to certificate DC-4 conversions to an 86-seat con- figuration with five exits; they would not accept more than 73, including crew. In the case of Aviation Traders' Carvair conversion, the original layout was for five cars with a passenger compartment seating 2-. including the stewardess. This has a Type I port main door, and a Type III escape hatch starboard, and is considered a very good escape configuration. The crew have their own very large roof hatch provided with a rope, as well as big sliding windows. Later versions of the Carvair proposed more space for passengers and fewer cars. Accordingly, the Board demanded that mere escape hatches should be provided. For instance, in the 35-seat version, 1*- additional passengers are seated in a compartment forward of the 22-seat compartment. Here, to conform with ARB requirements,
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