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Aviation History
1965
1965 - 0029.PDF
FLIGHT International, 7 January 1965 19 AERO ENGINES A "Flight International" Survey In this and the following 15 pages we present features which, taken together, provide a guide to current progress in world aero engine development and production. They begin, below, with an article on helicopter powerplants, followed by a new assessment of turbojets for advanced subsonic transports (page 22). A review of production and development by countries begins on page 23 and is followed by tabulated figures on pages 33-34. Typical of current US developments to increase the speed capability of helicopters is the Lockheed XH-5IA, powered by a Canadian PT68 turboshaft and P & WJ60-P-2 auxiliary turbojet, which reached a record 242 m.p.h. during November Helicopter Powerplants: The World Scene BY G. DOBSON* THE helicopter is the only type of VTOL aircraft in world-wideoperation today despite intensive efforts on many otherVTOL forms. Various types of helicopter are used in many countries, chiefly for military purposes, and the recent growth pattern has been determined by pressure in the United States. The role of the helicopter has greatly expanded during the last 20 years because of military need for mobility by the French forces in Algeria, by the United Nations and the US forces in Korea and in Vietnam. Very large orders have been and are being placed in the USA for military helicopters of all sizes where the US Army alone now operates about 4,000 helicopters. The number of helicopters in active service will be doubled by 1970. Further, helicopters at sea fill an important need in anti-submarine warfare carrying sonar equipment for detection and homing torpedoes for destruction. The commercial use of helicopters has not expanded in the same way, but operators in various countries provide regular airline services, and oil drilling at sea calls for increased helicopter use. Future civil expansion depends on faster, operationally cheaper and quieter helicopters. The need for engines is therefore growing. The majority of helicopter engines provide a shaft drive through reduction gearing to the main rotor system. Early power units were of the piston engine type and many manufacturers participated but, during the last six years, the turboshaft engine with its undoubted advantages has almost eliminated the piston engine. Lycoming and Continental still supply piston engines for light helicopters mainly because of low first cost, but the turboshaft engine offers low weight and volume, high reliability, simple maintenance, vibration free running and high efficiency. Such advantages are now forcing the use of turbines into the smaller engine sizes. Continuing efforts are made in driving the rotor by tip-jet reaction using either cold or hot gas, but cniy the Sud-Aviation Djinn powered by a Turbomeca Palouste air-bleed engine was produced in any quantity. * Chief Projects Engineer, Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd, Small EngineDivision. The United States has seven engine companies producing turbo- shaft engines ranging from 250 h.p. to 4,000 h.p. AiResearch produce the 500 h.p. fixed-shaft TSE 331. Allison produce the 250 h.p. T63 free-turbine engine flat-rated to an ambient temperature of 38^ and installed in the LOH types. Boeing produce the T.50 free-turbine engine of 330 h.p. and a T.60 free-turbine engine of 600 h.p. used in drone helicopters. Continental have a 250 h.p. T65 free-turbine engine flat-rated to 38"C and also a 625 h.p. T72 free-turbine engine. General Electric produce the 1,250 h.p. T58 free-turbine engine for the Sikorsky S-61 and S-62, the Boeing Vertol 107, the Bell UH-1F and the Kaman UH-2A and also the 2,850 h.p. T64 free- turbine engine for the Sikorsky CH-53A. Lycoming produce the T53 engine of 1,100 h.p. and the T55 engine of 2,500 h.p., both free-turbine types and used in the Kaman Huskie, the Bell Iroquois and the Boeing Vertol Chinook. Pratt & Whitney have the 4,050 Distribution of turboshaft engines and power among the main producers 5OOO USA UK FRANCE GERMANY_._USSR 4OOO a. UJ *O3OOO aui 0 2000 X IOOO I/) Ui PA N 6 o INE S IIEN G 13 z COMf W U> LU z UJ z. ou I z UJin UJ z o GINE S UJ m UJ — Z Ou fM
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