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Aviation History
1965
1965 - 0039.PDF
FLIGHT International, 7 January /965 25 the silencer, based on the accepted peripheral mixing-duct pattern is undergoing bench test. A conventional pattern clam-shell reverser for the Concorde, to exhaust above and below the wing, has been tested on an Atar. SOVERINI Soverini Frires et Cie, Argenteuil (Seine-et-Oise). This company has developed a small four-cylinder radial, air-cooled two-stroke engine, suitable for ultra-light aircraft and powered sailplanes, in the 40 h.p. class, designed by M Marcel Echard. The Soverini-Echard 4D and 4DR engines have a separate pressure lubrication system, fed by a conventional oil pump. TURBOMECA Societe Turbomeca, Bordes (Basses-Pyrenees). With 2,000 employees and a factory area of more than half a million sq ft at Bordes and Mezieres, plus a new plant under construction at Bayonne, Turbomeca have a capital of NF 22m, and a sales turnover of NF 115m in 1963, of which more than half was in exports. Turbomeca engines have been fitted in 50 types of aircraft, and 6,500 French-built engines have flown more than l,500,000hr in 45 countries. An additional 5,000 engines have been built under licence by Bristol Siddeley, Continental in the USA, ENMA in Spain, and a State factory in Yugoslavia. Present production by Turbomeca totals 80 engines per month, and there is an adequate backlog of orders covering the next two years, with the main effort still concentrated on the Marbore turbojet and the Artouste turboshaft. A remarkable degree of interchangeability exists among the entire range of Turbomeca engines, and more than 30 different types have been built of which 15 have gone into production, including ten under foreign licence. The Marbore 2 has been followed into production by the Marbore 6. Orders for this engine amount to 550, and some 200 have already been built. Ultimate capacity is 30 Marbore 6s per month, compared with 70 Marbore 2D of which 3,900 were made—in addition to 3,700 by Continental under the designation J79. The 6 is specified for the Super Magister, Paris II and III, and the Potez-Heinkel CM191. In the Artouste turboshaft series, 1,800 Artouste 2s have been built for Alouette 2s, and more than 500 3s are on order for the Alouette 3. Many more 2s have been made by Bristol Siddeley, and licence production is also planned by HAL in India. Various versions of the Turmo 3 free-turbine engine, are in current production or under development and 100 engines are now on order. The 3C3 has been developed for the Super Frelon to a maximum rating of 1,500 s.h.p., and the 3D3 to 1,450 e.h.p. for theBreguet 941. More than 100 Bastan 6 turboprops have been ordered for the Nord 262, in the B2 version, and a further 50 have been bought by the Argentine Government for the Guarani. The Astazou, like the Artouste 3B and the Bastan, is a second generation Turbomeca engine, characterized by a two-stage axial- centrifugal compressor. Most significant features are very low s.f.c, and a unique control system based on constant r.p.m. of engine and propeller with automatic fuel-input response to propeller pitch- change and flight loading. The Astazou 2, which has been built in both turboprop and turboshaft versions, has been flown experi- mentally in many aircraft and the Alouette-Astazou helicopter. Orders amount to some 250 engines to date. The 678 h.p. Astazou 10, which was type approved in January 1964 has an s.f.c. of 0.513, comparable to that of piston engines of equivalent power. The future of this engine at present depends mainly on the fortunes of the Turbo Skyvan, although it is specified as an alternative to the PT6 for the Potez 842. Announced in the spring of 1964, the Turbomeca-Agusta TM251, also known by the Agusta designation TAA230, is a turboshaft which powers the Agusta 105 light helicopter. The basic engine, produced by Turbomeca, incorporates components developed from Astazou parts. Reduction gearbox, clutch, oil filter and pumps are manufactured by Agusta. The Gascogne is an airborne a.p.u. which has been completed in prototype form. Another new project, still in the design stage, is the Tourmalct turbofan, a departure for Turbomeca into the 5,500-6,6001b thrust class, which is being developed initially as a potential powerplant for the French jet trainer/close-support aircraft, in competition with the SNECMA Mars. Pioneers of the turbofan, Turbomeca have developed the Aubis- que, a 1,5431b thrust engine, 300 of which have been ordered for the Saab 105. Initial development troubles with the variable inlet guide vanes should have been overcome by now, and full production is expected in 1965. German Federal Republic BMW BMW Triebwerkbau GmbH, Munich-Allach. BMW began in 1957 the licence manufacture and support of Lycoming piston engines for Do27s and Piaggio P.149Ds. Since 1960, 50 per cent of BMW's capital has been held by MAN. First stage of BMW's re-entry into turbine power, was a technical assistance contract with Orenda for the Luftwaffe's Sabre power- plants. More recently, BMW have been sharing licence production of the GE J79-11A with FN and Fiat for the European F-104G programme. BMW's own designs have been developed over the past ten years into a range of small turbines remarkable for their simplicity and economical performance. The 100 h.p. 6012 turboshaft is suitable for light aircraft and helicopters, but is also used in a.p.u.s. Developments of this basic design, are the 6012L, two-stage centrifugal air generator for the Do32E helicopter; and the 8026 turbojet, a tiny 1211b thrust unit with augmenter requiring virtually no maintenance in service. Succeeding the 6012, the 6022 is a 250 s.h.p. turboshaft, deliveries of which are due shortly. Two 6022s will power the Bolkow B6105 light helicopter, and one will be installed in the two-seat Do32Z. DAIMLER-BENZ Daimler-Benz AG, Stuttgart-Unterturkheim. Daimler-Benz are developing the 1,330 e.h.p. DB720/PTL 6 turboshaft intended for light transport and training aircraft and helicopters. A turbofan version, the 1,3451b thrust DB730/ZTL 6, is also projected. The rear free-power turbine of the DB720/PTL 6 drives an output shaft through a single 3.62 :1 spur gear. Addition of a further stage of gearing produces a front or rear-drive turboprop. There is a power turbine overspeed governer, and a single lever controls fuel feed to the annular combustion chamber of the gas generator. In the DB730/ZTL 6, the free power turbine and shaft drive assembly are replaced by small diameter aft fan unit. KHD Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, Koln-Deutz. KHD have produced more than 100 licence-built Orpheus 803 turbojets at their Oberursel works for the Fiat G91 programme. The Orpheus 803 Dll version, assembled from mainly KHD-manufactured parts, has an increased-output generator, additional fire protection, and a larger oil tank as the chief differences. KHD have also acquired a licence to manufacture GE T58 turboshafts for aircraft, marine and industrial applications. Deutz have themselves produced a tiny 100 h.p. turboshaft, designated T16B, suitable for a.p.u. applications. This unit, 32^in long and weighing 1541b, comprises a front gearbox with hand starting drive, single-stage centrifugal compressor, tangential combustion chamber, and single-stage centripetal turbine operating at 50,000 r.p.m. MAN M.A.N.-Turbomotoren GmbH, Munich 68. In collabora- tion with Rolls-Royce, Hispano Suiza, and Fabrique Nationale, MAN manufacture 28 per cent of each Tyne for Atlantics and Transalls, sharing final assembly and powerplant testing with Hispano Suiza. MAN are also associated with Rolls-Royce in development of lift engines, notably the RB.145 for the VJ101C-X1, and the afterburning RB.145 for the -X2 version. Further collaboration with both Rolls-Royce and Bristol Siddeley is directed towards the powerplant for the VAK-191B V/STOL strike fighter. Designated RB.193, this lift/cruise engine in the 10,0001b thrust class is a development of the RB.153 and will incorporate Bristol Siddeley's swivelling nozzle experience. India HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Bangalore. The first aero engine designed and built in India was Hindustan's 90 h.p. PE-90H, an air-cooled flat four run in 1959 and destined for the Pushpak light aircraft. Certain accessories such as carburettor and magnetos have been imported, but the engine should eventually be 100 per cent Indian. The HJE-25OO is a small turbojet in the 3,0001b class, which HAL Engine Division are developing for the HJT-16 Kiram basic
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