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Aviation History
1969
1969 - 3164.PDF
The ice detector head and relay developed for the Concorde by Smiths Industries Avia tion Division ACTION AGAINST ICE . . . and a local temperature below freezing. Signals of such conditions from the water sensitive detector head, and from the resis tance thermometer, are fed to the control unit to initiate either a warning device or the de-icing equipment or both together. A ram-air pressure switch is incorporated, to cut the system out below 90kt. (43) Serck Radiators Ltd, Warwick Road, Greet, Birmingham 11 (Victoria 4353) A thermostatically controlled compressor-bleed heat exchanger, designed to come into opera tion below 5°C, is being produced by Serck for fuel anti-icing in the Concorde. (44) Shell-Mex & BP Ltd, Industrial Mar kets Division, Shell-Mex House, Strand, London WC2 (01-836 1234) Stressing the importance of following manufacturers' instructions on the correct application of de-icing fluids to the aircraft, Shell-Mex & BP list a varied range of fluids and com pounds which British Petroleum and Shell International Petroleum have available on a worldwide basis for anti-icing and de-frosting aircraft. Details of these products, their specifica tions, applications, and various civil and military designations, can be obtained from the respective publications issued by the two companies—The Air-B.P. Handbook of Products, The AeroShell Book, and The Shell Aviation Specifications Guide. (45) Simon Engineering (Dudley) Ltd, Queen's Cross, Dudley, Worcs (Dudley 54661) Simon hydraulic elevating platforms, available in six sizes for extensions between 25ft and 85ft, with trolley, trailer or truck mounting, are particularly suitable for ground application of defrosting compounds to otherwise inaccessible surfaces, and are widely used by operators of large aircraft. Swissair, as an example, operate a 35ft Simon platform at Heathrow; mounted on a five-ton Bedford chassis, it is equipped, complete with pressure pump, spray gear and 440 gal fluid tank, as a mobile self-contained defrosting unit. (46) Smiths Industries Ltd, Aviation Division, Kelvin House, Wembley Park Drive, Wembley, Middx (01-452 3333) Ice detector head and relay sets are made by Smiths Industries Aviation Division for the Concorde, Caravelle and the Comet. The Concorde equipment represents the latest development of the system which is based on designs which have been proved in airline and military service. It is designed to warn the pilot immediately ice starts to form on the aircraft structure during flight, and it can provide simultaneous and automatic operation of the aircraft's de-icing equip ment. The detector consists of a probe mounted in the airstream which is perforated 714 on both the leading and trailing faces, and a miniaturised electronic relay unit. The system responds immediately to the forma tion of ice on the probe and it is not energised until ice is actually present. This feature extends the life of both the detector head and the relay. (47) T.K.S. (Aircraft De-icing) Ltd, 162-164 Uxbridge Road, Hanwell, London W7 (01- 567 7274) The T.K.S. de-icing system is a simple, lightweight installation which is de signed to destroy the ice-to-aerofoil bond by fluid diffused through porous panels formed to the leading-edge profile of wing and tail surfaces. Well-proved during 25 years' ser vice in British aircraft, the principle is now earning further appreciation (particularly in the United States) in its latest application in the H.S.125, which incorporates the current panel-type distributors. The T.K.S. system is fitted to the Short Skyvan and is stated to be under con sideration for a number of projects in four countries. The installation—which in the HS.125 weighs little more than 701b complete with 2gal of fluid—consists of a fluid tank, small electric pump, filters, small diameter nylon piping, proportioning units, and porous stainless-steel distributors. Control may be manual by a simple ON/OFF switch, or automatic from an ice detector. Reliability and long operating life are as much attributes that are claimed for this system, as are its simplicity and low weight. The approved fluids are T.K.S. R.328 and DTD 406B; the latter is marketed by the oil companies under their brand names such as AeroShell Compound 0/, and is available immediately in some 40 countries throughout the world. Also available from the US sales agent ANBAC Industries Inc. of Detroit under the designation US/M/328. (48) Taylor (Metal Workers) Ltd, C. F., Molly Millars Lane, Wokingham, Berks (Wokingham 2500) Stainless, titanium and light-alloy duct assemblies are fabricated by C. F. Taylor for the hot air anti-icing systems in the BAC One-Eleven and VC10, and the HS Trident. (49) Teddington Aircraft Controls Ltd, Merthyr Tydfil, Glam (Merthyr Tydfil 3261) Teddington's prolific contribution to aircraft anti-icing and de-icing covers detection and warning, and control and distribution, in both hot air and electrothermal systems. Among the company's most widely-used products is the type P.B.E. "hot-rod" illu minated ice detector probe, which protrudes beneath the captain's window in the majority of British transports to give immediate visual warning of icing. In the VC10 (a typical example of an extensive hot air anti-icing system) Tedding ton products (in addition to the "hot-rod") include duct temperature control and pressure regulator valves, associated servo packs, and over-pressure relief valves; high-pressure stop valves and main non-return valves; overheat sensing elements to give audible or visual warning of excessive temperature; pressure switches; tail stop valves; and independently operated, double butterfly stop valves, to allow the wing system to operate with 50 per cent through area, in the event of electrical supply failure to either port or starboard equipment. An associated com pany, Teddington Bellows, supplies internally hinged and gimballed bellows units as ex pansion joints in the VClO's wing ducting. Teddington systems for sequencing sup plies to electro-thermal de-icing equipment on engines, propellers and wing and tail surfaces, are fitted to many turboprop air craft. An important unit is the solid-state cyclic de-icing switch for controlling the de- icing cycle for Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines. - Further products in this field include auto matic ice warning and icing intensity indi cator systems, and solid-state temperature controllers designed to maintain skin tem peratures at the minimum level for anti-icing. Teddington is also marketing a fully auto mated icing rate system which not only warns of ice but also indicates its severity. Information is given to the pilot by an icing f LIGHT International, 6 November 1969 severity indicator the dial of which is graduated in terms of the degree of poten tial icing, e.g., light, medium or severe, or in calibrated figures. This system is now being applied to many helicopters, and is specified for the L-1011 TriStar and the DC-10. (50) Teleflex Products Ltd, Christopher Martin Road, Basildon, Essex (Basildon 22861) Alco Valve Company's electric wind screen wiper systems are marketed by Teleflex Products. (51) Tiltman Langley Ltd, Redhill Aero drome, Surrey (Nuffield Ridge 2232) Elec trically heated waste-water outlets with automatic temperature control and suitable fairings, are produced by Tiltman Langley for the galley and toilet drain systems in the Britannia, VC10, One-Eleven, Trident 2E and Boeing 707. The company also pro duces the complete temperature control system for the BAC Strikemaster. Also produced are single-pole, two-way, snap-action thermal switches, and thermo- pneumatic switches which may be used to control pressure-sensitive switches, or directly, pneumatically operated modulating valves or actuators. Both are operated by the effect of temperature change on a co axial bi-metal sensor. These units have found application in military and civil air craft for overheat protection and de-icing circuit control. This company also manufactures a range of manually operated control valves, pneu matically controlled gate valves, and pressure-reducing valves suitable for use in warm-air demisting and de-frosting appli cations. (52) Triplex Safety Glass Co Ltd, Triplex Works, Kings Norton, Birmingham (Kings Norton 2031) The Triplex gold film system of electrical heating has been used for many years for de-icing and demisting aircraft windscreens. Examples of current applica tions include Nimrod, Trident, HS.125, and VC10; the most recent important civil one being Concorde. The "cathodic sputtering" technique of depositing gold as a heating medium, developed by Triplex, involves coating the surface of the glass, in an evacuated chamber, with a 0.0000002in layer of pure gold, which can be graded to give uniform power dissipation over any chosen heated area, including curved surfaces. The gold film, which is also a good infra-red reflector, combines a high standard of light transmission with excellent electrical and heating characteristics. Triplex laminated windscreens can con sist of an outer glass ply carrying gold film heating, a thick pressure-resistant ply, and a thin inner splinter shield with Vinal interlayers protected by Thiokol for edge sealing; or they may be of the more recent multi-laminate type with a facing glass and three plys of equal thickness with thin interlayers; or of the combined glass and stretched acrylic type in which the thin glass facing with gold film is usually combined with two layers of thick acrylic. The first type of screen depends on a thick Vinal layer behind the gold film glass to form a diaphragm capable of withstanding bird strikes. The two more recent windscreens are designed to bounce a bird off rather than contain it. Temperature is controlled by a resistance thermometer embedded in the plastic interlayer. Typical power ratings are 250-900W per sq ft on a.c. or d.c. supply. To overcome the problem of kinetic heating, Triplex has developed new materials capable of withstanding temperatures from -70° to 150°C. (53) Warne & Co Ltd, William, Aviation Division, Gascoigne Road, Barking, Essex (01-594 3800) In addition to a range of rein forced silicone air starter hose, which is equally suitable for ground de-frosting applications, William Warne's products also include various grades of insulated and non-insulated lightweight flexible ducting for airborne installation in warm-air delivery systems.
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