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Aviation History
1973
1973 - 0034.PDF
26 TURBINE ENGINES OF THE WORLD main applications are the Dassault-Breguet Falcon 20 Series F with two 4,3151b CF700-2D-2s, and the North American Rockwell Sabre 75 which, in October last year, flew with two CF700-2D-2s in place of the normal P&W JT12A-8 turbojets. FAA certification of this new turbofan installation, designated the Sabre 75A, is scheduled for early this year. Adoption of the GF700 effectively replaces an earlier intention to fit Gar rett AiResearch ATF-3 turbofans, now delayed in develop ment. CF700-2D-2 Eight-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage compressor turbine, single-stage fan turbine, single- stage aft fan. Take-off 4,3151b; bypass ratio 1-9:1; mass flow 841b/sec; length 75-6in; diameter 36-lin; weight 7371b. General Electric CJ610 (USA) Single-shaft turbojet. The commercial version of the J85 military turbojet. Versions of this engine power the IAI Commodore Jet 1123, MBB HFB Hansa 320 and Gates Learjet 24D. CJ610-8-9 Eight-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage turbine. Take-off 3,1001b; mass flow 441b/sec; pressure ratio 6-3:1; length 45-4in (CJ610-8), 51-lin (CJ610-9); diameter 17-7in; weight 4071b (CJ610-8), 4171b (CJ610-9). Ivchenko AI-25 (USSR) Two-shaft turbofan. The smallest turbofan to enter airline service, the AI-25 powers the three- engined Yakovlev Yak-40 now certificated in West Germany and Italy. North American Rockwell is interested in possible licence manufacture of the Yak-40 with an improved 4,0001b version of the AI-25. AI-25 Three-stage fan/l-p compressor, eight-stage h-p com pressor, annular combustor, single-stage h-p turbine, two-stage 1-p turbine. Take-off 3,3001b; bypass ratio 2:1; pressure ratio 9:1; length 76in; width 32in; height 35in; weight 7601b. Pratt & Whitney JT12A (USA) Single-shaft turbojet. The commercial counterpart of the J60 military turbojet. As the 3,3001b JT12A-8 powering the Lockheed JetStar Dash 8 and North American Rockwell Sabre 75, this engine is being gradually ousted by the AiResearch TFE731 and United Air craft of Canada CF700 turbofans of lower s.f.c. and higher thrust. JT12A-8 Nine-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage turbine. Take-off 3,3001b; pressure ratio 6-7:1; length 78in; diameter 22in; weight 4681b. Rolls-Royce Viper 500 series (UK) Single-shaft turbojet. About 3,500 Vipers have been ordered by customers in some three-dozen countries for both civil and military applications. Main commercial outlet for the Viper 500 series is the 3,3601b Viper 522 for the Hawker Siddeley HS.125-400. Viper 522 Eight-stage compressor, annular combustor, single-stage turbine. Take-off 3,3601b; mass flow 52-71b/sec; pressure ratio 5-6:1, length 85in; diameter 24-6in; weight 8151b. Efforts on the Snecmo Larzac turbofan are now concentrated on the -04 version for the Alpha-Jet strike/trainer, though the -03 continues in low- priority development FLIGHT international, 4 January 1973 Rolls-Royce/Fiat Viper 600 series (UK & Italy) Single-shaft turbojet. An upgraded version of the Viper 500 series with no intake guide vanes, modified compressor loading, new, shorter combustor and new, two-stage turbine. Development has been shared with Fiat, which is also participating in production. The main application is the 3,7501b Viper 601 for the Hawker Siddeley HS.125-600. Viper 601 Eight-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage turbine. Take-off 3,7501b; mass flow 58-41b/sec; pressure ratio 5-8:1; length 85-2in; diameter 24-5in; weight 7601b. Snecma/Turbomeca Larzac (France) Two-shaft turbofan. The Larzac 03 is a low-priority commercial offshoot of the Larzac 04 military programme for the Franco-German Alpha Jet strike/trainer. It has potential application in the Dassault- Breguet Falcon 10. (For description of engine see military Larzac). The most obvious trend in this sector is the progressive downgrading of the turbojets in favour of lower-consumption, higher-thrust turbofans. The more recent turbofans are already pushing out the earlier and less advanced turbofans. The JT12A is suffering from this process, and both the CF700 and Viper are also likely to experience competition in their existing installations. Leading the trend is the TFE731 which, in comparison with even such contemporaries as the Larzac, can show a doubling of aircraft range. The black sheep in this category is the ATF-3, which is now very late. It could eventually live up to the enthusiastic claims of its designers, however. In this case yet another re alignment among the competing turbofans could take place, with possibly the two Garrett AiResearch units coming out on top despite their difficult start to life. Up to 2,5001b, 11kN Asta<an^\\\W\\\\^\W^\\s^^ Bastafan JT15DS n 2,500lb Turbomeca Astafan (France) Geared single-shaft turbofan. A private-venture development of the Astazou with a geared v-p fan, the 1,5651b Astafan II flew in a modified North Ameri can Rockwell Aero Commander, which received French certifi cation in August last year. This aircraft now being fitted with 2,2481b Astafan IVs and is scheduled for certification this spring. An Astafan II is being modified to IIA standard by fitting a fan of larger diameter and greater reverse-pitch range to improve the present marginal reverse-thrust per formance. Proposed installations for the Astafan II include the Ted Smith Super Star 3000, Italair F.22 Jet Condor and a re-engined IA.58 Pucara. Astafan II Single-stage fan driven via front-mounted gear ing by Astazou XIV turboprop power section. Take-off 1,5651b; bypass ratio 6-5:1; length 84-8in; diameter 25-7in; weight approximately 5071b. Turbomeca Bastafan (France) Geared single-shaft turbofan. It is similar to the Astafan but makes use of the Bastan turboprop as a core engine. Ratings range from 1,6001b to 2,0001b. United Aircraft of Canada JT15D (Canada) Two-shaft turbo fan. The initial version, the 2,2001b JT15D-1, is in production for the Cessna Citation, of which the 50th aircraft was delivered in September last year. Production rate for the Cita tion is being increased to six a month by the end of this year. The higher-rated 2,3101b JT15D-4 was supplied last autumn for the Aerospatiale SN-601 Corvette, the first flight of which is now imminent. Production deliveries of the Corvette are scheduled to start early in 1974, coincidental with aircraft certification. JT15D-1 Single-stage fan, single-stage h-p compressor, annu lar combustor, single-stage h-p turbine, two-sfage 1-p turbine. Take-off 2,2001b; bypass ratio 3-3:1; mass flow 751b/sec; pres sure ratio 10:1; length 59-3in; diameter 27-2in; weight 4801b. Although the Astafan series spans the JT15D's present band of ratings, it can hardly be said that the two engines are competitors. Apart from their contrasting configurations, in particular variable-pitch versus fixed-pitch fans, the two powerplants are of different periods; the JT15D is fully launched and in production while the Astafan is still pro gressing towards its definitive version. It seems likely that the JT15D will continue to make its
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