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Aviation History
1973
1973 - 0039.PDF
FLIGHT International, 4 January 1973 TURBINE ENGINES OF THE WORLD Turbomeca Astazou (France) Single-shaft turboprop and turboshaft. Its main applications are as a turboshaft powering Aerospatiale helicopters—the 523 s.h.p. Astazou IIA in the Alouette II, the 600 s.h.p. Astazou XIV in the Alouette III and the 592 s.h.p. Astazou IIIN in the SA.341 Gazelle (production of which is shared with the R-R Small Engine Division). The engine also flew in June of last year as the 598 s.h.p. Astazou XIV in Aerospatiale's new SA.360 helicopter. As a turboprop the 996 s.h.p. Astazou XVI powers Scottish Aviation's Jet stream 200 and same version has also recently been chosen for the Air-Metal AM-C 111 Stol-Lifter project. More than 1,000 Astazous have now been delivered. Astazou XIV Three-stage compressor, annular combustor, three-stage turbine. Integral front-mounted gearbox. Take-off 600 s.h.p.; mass flow 7-31b/sec; pressure ratio 7-6:1; length 56-2in; diameter 18-lin; weight 3531b. Turbomeca Bastan (France) Single-shaft turboprop. A third- generation turboprop with the Nord 262 as its prime applica tion. The Bastan XVIII of 1,775 s.h.p. has an air-cooled turbine. Bastan VII Three-stage compressor, annular combustor, three-stage turbine. Integral front-mounted gearbox. Take-off 1,048 s.h.p.; mass flow 13-Ilb/sec; pressure ratio 6-68:1; length 75-2in; diameter 30-5in; weight 5951b. Turbomeca Turmastazou (France) Free-turbine turboshaft. It comprises the Astazou XIV single-shaft turboprop as gas generator, plus a new free power turbine, and is intended for helicopter applications. Turmastazou XIV Core engine comprising Astazou XIV gas generator, two-stage power turbine. Direct drive at rear of engine. Take-off 889 s.h.p.; length 53-9in; width 17-3in; height 21-7in; weight 3411b. Turbomeca Turmo (France) Free-turbine turboprop and turboshaft. As a turboprop, the 1,430 e.h.p. Turmo IIID3 powers the four-engined Dassault-Breguet 941S Stol transport. As a turboshaft this engine has two major applications, the Aerospatiale SA.321 Super Frelon with three 1,550 s.h.p. Turmo IIIC6, and the SA.330 Puma with two 1,320 s.h.p. Turmo IIIC4s. Production of engines for the Anglo-French Puma programme is shared with the R-R Small Engine Division. New versions include the 1,677 s.h.p. Turmo VI, the 1,578 s.h.p. Turmo X with a potential for development up to 1,775 s.h.p. for the heavier civil Super Frelon, and the 1,973 s.h.p. Turmo XVI incorporating air-cooled turbines. Turmo III C4 Two-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage compressor and power turbines. Integral rear-mounted gearbox. Take-off 1,320 s.h.p.; mass flow 131b/sec; pressure ratio 5-8:1; length 71-6in; width 27-3in; height 28-2in; weight 4961b. Turbomeca Double Turmastazou (France) Free-turbine coupled turboshaft. It comprises two Turmastazou turboshafts coupled by a combining gearbox providing a single drive at the rear, and is under development for helicopter application. The double Turmastazou XIV of 1,775 s.h.p. comprises two Turmastazou XIVs. There is also a double Turmastazou XVI of 2,071 s.h.p. United Aircraft of Canada FT6A (Canada) Free-turbine turboprop. The most widely used low-power turboprop, with a unique "back-to-front" installation with the compressor being fed via an integral plenum chamber. More than 6,200 PT6As and allied ST6L APUs have been ordered, of which some 5,100 have been delivered. Among numerous applica tions are the Beechcraft B99 Airliner, King Air C90, 100 and E90, and the recently flown Model 101; Saunders ST-27; DHC Twin Otter; EMB-110 Bandeirante; Piper Aircraft Turboprop Navajo; Let L-410 Turbolet; and forthcoming projects such as the DHC-7, Short SD3-30 and versions of the Air-Metal AM-C 111 Stol-Lifter. Typical ratings for these installations are the 652 e.h.p. PT6A-27, 680 e.h.p. PT6A-28, 783 e.h.p. PT6A-34 and 1,070 e.h.p. PT6A-45. PT6A-27 Four-stage compressor, annular combustor, single- stage compressor and power turbines. Integral front-mounted gearbox. Take-off 750 e.h.p.; mass flow 6-5Ib/sec; pressure ratio 7:1; length 62in; diameter 19in; weight 2891b. United Aircraft of Canada FT6T Turbo Twin Pac (Canada) Free-turbine coupled turboshaft. Comprising coupled PT6B turboshafts with an integral front-mounted gearbox, the Twin Pac is in production at 1,800 s.h.p. for Bell's Model 212 twin- jet helicopter. Engine length 65-3in; width 44-4in; height 31-6in; weight 6171b. 29 Although covering only a small horsepower range, the 0-2,500 h.p. sector is the most fully occupied and the most active; and it continues to remain as the natural domain of propeller and rotary-wing propulsion. The main competition comes in three groups of engines: (1) the T53 and CT58, where appli cations in the commercial market are closely based on prior decisions in the military field; (2) the model 250, TSE231 and LTS101 covering 300-600 h.p.; and (3) the TPE331, Astazou and PT6A covering roughly 600-1,000 h.p. In the second grouping, the Allison engine has held firm sway over its portion of the bracket, but as power require ments gradually increase the pressure of the somewhat higher-rated TSE231 could well become increasingly impor tant. Similarly, the advent last year of the LTS101 clearly stole the immediate military market from the AiResearch engine. At the present time the TSE231 appears to be in a somewhat equivocal position—on the one hand it is perhaps too powerful for the existing series of light, single-engined helicopters, and on the other it lacks an immediate outlet in the twin-engined helicopter market for which it was originally intended. The third group of engines, in their turboprop forms, have been competing for many years, with the PT6A very much in the lead. There has been, meanwhile, some measure of inter change of applications, as typified by the choice of the PT6A for Short's new SD3-30 transport, in preference to the TPE331 which powers the great majority of Skyvans. Similarly, Beech- craft has recently proposed the TPE331 for its C90, hitherto powered by the PT6A. The Astazou last year was given a useful fillip by the RAF's choice of the Jetstream as its new MEPT (Multi-Engined Pilot Trainer) aircraft. Two very similar engines are the PT6T and Double Turmas tazou, both being coupled turboshafts of similar power. The Canadian powerplant has been very successfully launched in the role of supplying twin-engined safety for executive helicopters. MILITARY ENGINES SUBSONIC 55,0001b, 244kN TF39; n 55,000lb General Electric TF39 (USA) Two-shaft turbofan. Its sole application is the Lockheed C-5A Galaxy for the USAF, the last aircraft of 81 ordered being delivered recently. This engine provided a basis for the CF6 civil turbofan. TF39-GE-1 One-and-a-half-stage fan, 16-stage h-p compressor, annular combustor, two-stage h-p turbine, five-stage 1-p tur bine. Take-off 41,0001b; bypass ratio 8:1; mass flow l,5491b/sec; pressure ratio 25:1; length 324in; diameter lOOin; weight 7,0261b. General Electric F103 (USA) Two-shaft turbofan military version of the CF6-50 family of commercial turbofan covering 49,0001b-51,0001b thrust. Work is proceeding at both GE and First of the world's big fan engines was the GE TF39, which has only found application in the Galaxy. Though of limited success therefore, it provided the basis for the CF6
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