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Aviation History
1973
1973 - 0046.PDF
36 TURBINE ENGINES OF THE WORLD Rolls-Royce Dart (UK) Single-shaft turboprop. Military applications of the Dart include the Dassault-Breguet Alize with the 2,020 e.h.p. Dart R.Da.7 Mk 21, the Hawker Siddeley Argosy C.l with the 2,690 e.h.p. Dart R.Da.8 Mk 101, and the Hawker Siddeley Andover C.l with the 3,425 e.h.p. Dart R.Da.12 Mk 201. (For description see civil version.) Apart from Avco Lycoming's LTC4V series with ratings of 5,000 s.h.p. up to 10,000 s.h.p., this category is largely static in terms of new developments, a situation mainly reflecting the steadily declining status of the various applications. The most active member is the T64, which continues to benefit from incremental power upratings for its helicopter installa tions. Large numbers of all the engines except the T73 have been built, however, and these will provide their manu facturers with a sizable amount of business in spares pro duction and overhaul work for some years to come. Up to 2,500 h.p., 1,864kW T53 . • : I 1 : HI fl T63;;:;:;i;:;;| T58..V .. .,- • ••••-:.:. . ,:.:—1 BS360 •;.. .:.-.: ; ~| Gnome . .. . ... .,.: ,;:.,,;.,.!. l^^^^l Astazou^' • |. ' Turmo • .::..: :.:•::::.:.:•':.:•:::':.:.::.:::: :|:::.:;:;:;;:^::1 Artouste T400: :.. :. . ,. . ..::...:..:.:.- ' . \ 2,500 s.h.p. Avco Lycoming T53 (USA) Free-turbine turboshaft and turboprop. With the basic company designation LTC1, the T53 is a 1950 design with applications mainly in its turboshaft form. These include the Bell Iroquois UH-1 series with the 1,100 s.h.p. T53-L-11 or 1,400 s.h.p. T53-L-13, Bell HueyCobra series with the 1,400 s.h.p. T53-L-13, and the Kaman HH43 series with the 1,100 s.h.p. T53-L-11 or 1,400 s.h.p. T53-L-13. Main turboprop application is the Grumman OV-1 Mohawk series with the 1,203 e.h.p. T53-L-15 or 1,451 e.h.p. T53-L-701. The 1,900 s.h.p. LTC1K4 is a special vertical-operating engine for the Canadair CL-84 V/Stol research aircraft. (For descrip tion see civil version.) Avco Lycoming LTS101 (USA) Free-turbine turboshaft. This is a new civil/military engine currently under develop ment for the US Army's Aerial Scout programme, and has been chosen to power the competing helicopter entries by Bell and Hughes Tool. (For description see civil section.) Detroit Diesel Allison T63 (USA) Free-turbine turboshaft and turboprop. Manufactured in very large numbers, the T63 (with the company designation Model 250) powers the US Army's light observation helicopters—the Bell OH-58A and TH-57A JetRangers with the 253 s.h.p. T63-A-5A, and the Hughes Tool OH-6A Cayuse with the same T63 version. As an indication of the continuing market for these aircraft, Bell is engaged on an additional run of 250 JetRangers. Total flying hours by T63 and Model 250 engines now exceed two million. (For description see civil section.) General Electric T58 (USA) Free-turbine turboshaft. The T58 has been extensively produced for USN and USAF helicopters, and is licence-manufactured by Rolls-Royce, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Alfa Romeo and Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz. There is also a joint programme with Rolls-Royce for development to higher ratings (the R-R version being the Gnome). Main series applications for the US Services are the Sikorsky CH-3, SH-3 and HH-3 series with the 1,350 s.h.p. T58-GE-8, 1,500 s.h.p. T58-GE-5, 1,400 s.h.p. T58-GE-10 or 1,870 s.h.p. T58-GE-16, and the Boeing Vertol CH-46 series with the T58-GE-8 or -10. The more recent Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk attack helicopter is powered by the T58-GE-5. T58-GE-16 Ten-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage compressor turbine, two-stage power turbine. Rear- mounted integral gearbox. Take-off 1,870 s.h.p.; mass flow FLIGHT International, 4 January 1973 Production of the Small Engine Division's BS.360 at Leavesden for the Anglo-French Lynx helicopter programme, undertaken in concert with Turbomeca 13-71b/sec; pressure ratio 8-4:1, length 63-6in; width 20-7in; height 21-5in; weight 4401b. General Electric T700 (USA) Free-turbine turboshaft. This new turboshaft is under development for the US Army's Uttas (Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System), a twin- engined helicopter to replace the Bell UH-1 family. Previously known as the GE12, the engine was selected in preference to the Pratt & Whitney ST9 and Avco Lycoming PLT-27 in 1971, after a four-year technology-demonstrator programme. A $21-1 million (£8-8 million) contract was awarded by the Army last March for design, development and qualification of the T700. The first five years' engine financing will total an estimated $97-6 million (£40-7 million). Competing helicopter designs are being built by Sikorsky and Boeing Vertol for a fly-off contest in 1975. Assuming the Uttas is built in quantities comparable with those of the Huey and its derivative, a market for 10,000 to 20,000 T700s is foreseen. T700-GE-700 Six-stage compressor, annular combustor, two- stage compressor turbine, two-stage power turbine. Direct drive. Take-off approximately 1,500 s.h.p.; length 47in; width 25in; height 23in. Rolls-Royce BS.360 (UK) Three-shaft turboshaft. Under development and now entering production for the Westland WG.13 Lynx helicopter, the 900 s.h.p. BS.360 is the first engine of its configuration, consisting of a two-spool gas generator with separate power turbine. More than three dozen BS.360s have been built and several hundred hours' flying have been accumulated. After a period of development problems in which this engine was threatened with replacement by the UACL PT6B turboshaft, the BS.360 is now meeting specifica tion requirements, aside from some excess oil consumption. Power increases are foreseen up to 1,200 and 1,300 s.h.p. Engines for aircraft outside the Anglo-French helicopter agreement are designated RS.360. BS.360 Four-stage 1-p compressor, single-stage h-p com pressor, annular combustor, single-stage h-p and 1-p turbines, two-stage power turbine. Front-mounted integral gearbox. Take-off 900 s.h.p.; mass flow 7-21b/sec; pressure ratio 12-2:1; length 43in; diameter 22in; weight 3001b. Rolls-Royce Gnome (UK) Free-turbine turboshaft. The licence-built anglicised version of the General Electric T58, also sub-licensed to Alfa Romeo. Main applications include the 1.500 s.h.p. Gnome H1400 in the Westland Sea King and the 1,050 s.h.p. Gnome H1000 in the Westland Whirlwind. Joint developments to higher powers in conjunction with GE include the H1400-3 to a one-hour rating of 1,720 s.h.p., H1400-4 to 1,800 s.h.p., H1400-5 to 2,100 s.h.p. and H1400-6 to 2,300 s.h.p. Gnome H1400-1 Ten-stage compressor, annular combustor, single-stage compressor turbine, two-stage power turbine. Direct drive. Take-off 1,500 s.h.p.; mass flow 13-71b/sec; pressure ratio 8-4:1; length 54-8in; height 21-6in; width 22-7in; weight 3341b.
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