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Aviation History
1974
1974 - 0047.PDF
<+J» FLIGHT International, 10 lanuary 1974 TURBINE ENGINES OF THE WORLD and industrial engines, agricultural and forestry machinery, aero-engines and sundry minor products. Corporate assets KrB.700 million, £643 million, and employees 49,600. Corpo rate sales in 1972 up to Kr7,346 million, £705 million with aero-engines accounting for Kr255 million, £241 million. Cur rent 12-monthly rate of aero engine sales (Oct 1972—Sept 1973) up to Kr299 million, £288 million. Flygmotor's main activity is manufacture of RM6 turbo- jets and RM8 turbofans. Other work includes development of small rocket engines and overhaul and maintenance of military and airline engines, in particular R-R Avon turbo- jets and P&W JT8D turbofans. Total payroll at Flygmotor on these activities is 2,000. In August last year the parent company announced an agreement with Klockner-Humboldt- Deutz, Garrett Corporation and Mack Trucks to develop a 500 h.p. gas turbine for commercial vehicles as an alterna tive to diesel engines. A joint company is to be formed for the project and development of the engine will take place at Garrett-AiResearch. RM6 Single-shaft turbojet with afterburner. The RM6C is a licence-built version of the Rolls-Royce (1971) Avon Series 300 with an afterburner developed by Flygmotor. Basic rating of the engine is 12,7001b rising to 16,8001b with re heat. The RM6C powers all versions of the single-engined Saab 35 Draken fighter with the Royal Swedish Air Force, and continues in production for Drakens being supplied to the Danish Air Force. RIVI8 Tvvo-shalt turbotan with afterburner. The RM8 is a supersonic military derivative of the P&W JT8D civil turbofan which has been developed by Flygmotor under licence and equipped with a Flygmotor-designed and -developed after burner. The turbofan in its initial RM8A version, which has a basic rating of 14,7351b rising with reheat to 25,9701b. powers the single-engined Saab Viggen in its AJ37 attack, SK37 trainer, and SH37 and SF37 reconnaissance versions of which a total of 175 aircraft is being produced for the Royal Swedish Air Force. Deliveries of these aircraft should be complete by 1976. In 1970 testing started ol a modified, up rated version, the RM8B for the JA37 all-weather lighter version. Development of the RM8B is financed through to this year, and it is anticipated that the RSAF will request money for eight JA37 squadrons for service starting 1978. RM8B Three-stage fan and three-stage i-p compressor, seven-stage h-p compressor, cannular combustor, single-stage h-p turbine, three-stage 1-p turbine. Take-off 16,1901b basic and 28,0851b reheat, bypass ratio 1-0:1; pressure ratio 16-5:1; length 245in; inlet diameter 40-6in; weight 5,1811b. GARRETT-AIRESEARCH (USA) AiKesearch Manufacturing Company of Arizona. Head quarters: 402 South 36th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85034. Tel: (602) 267-3011. AiResearch Manufacturing Company. Head quarters: 9851-9951 Sepulveda Boulevard, Los Angeles, Cali fornia 90009. Tel: (213) 776-1010. Both companies are divisions of the Garrett Corporation, subsidiary of the Signal Companies Incorporated. Signal is a conglomerate organisation with activities including oil, trucks, and aerospace—in particular, aircraft propulsion and APU gas turbines. Corporate assets in 1972 $1,328 million, £567 million, and employees 33,000. Corporate sales 1972 $1,438 million, £613 million. The AiResearch Phoenix Division of Garrett is responsible for (among other products) civil and military propulsion engines and secondary power systems, i.e. APUs; and the AiResearch Los Angeles Division is responsible for (among other products) advanced propulsion systems and ground power units. Altogether, Garrett-AiResearch has built more than 30,000 small gas turbines, the majority as APUs and onlv some 10 per cent as propulsion engines — primarily the TPE331 and T76 turboprops. Collectively, the full range of turbines has logged more than 28,000 million operating hours. Since the late 1960s, the company has switched emphasis to propulsion engines, a move which is now beginning to show benefits. Third-quarter results for Signal Cos in 1973, when sales rose 18 per cent to $415 million, £177 million, included record sales of $1,139 million, £487 million by the aerospace and industrial group, a performance attributed to increased sales of AiResearch turboprops and turbo-superchargers. It was during the third quarter that Signal Cos and United Aircraft Corpora tion (parent company of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft) initiated moves towards a merger to form America's 20th largest cor poration with sales of around $3,500 million, £1,500 million. The negotiations foundered early in September through lack of agreement on the valuation of Signal's major North Sea oil discoveries announced only a week after merger discus sions were first publicised in early July. I ATF3 (F104) Geared three-shaft turbofan. First run in 1968, the very complex but low s.f.c. ATF3 was originally proposed to power business jets. Protracted development, however, has meant that, although the engine completed its prelimi nary flight rating test at 4,0501b last spring, the engine has yet to fly and to gain a firm application. The ATF3-6 at present under development is rated at 5,0001b and there is a further rating at 6,0001b. Growth to 9,0001b has been publicised by AiResearch, presumably with afterburning in the F104 military variant. A potential application is the pro jected Cessna Model 600 Fan jet (2 X 5,0001b ATF3-6). ATF3-3 Single-stage geared fan, five-stage i-p compressor, single-stage centrifugal h-p compressor, annular reverse-flow combustor, single-stage h-p turbine driving h-p compressor, three-stage i-p turbine driving fan, two-stage 1-p turbine driviny i-p compressor. Take-oft 4,0501b; bypass ratio 3:1; pressure ratio 17:1; mass How 1401b/sec; length 98-25in; diameter 32-8in; weight 8741b. ETJ100 (Sete) Single-shaft turbojet. AiResearch is a con tractor participating in the US Navy's Setc programme to develop the technology for a supersonic expendable tur bine engine for future tactical cruise missiles. Having under taken an initial design study under phase 1, AiResearch is currently testing the compressor and turbine for its ETJ100 turbojet under a $740,000, £310,000 phase 2 Sete contract. The engine, which probably embodies experience from AiRe- search's earlier 4301b ETJ331 turbojet, comprises a three- stage axial compressor, annular combustor and single-stage cooled turbine with integrally cast disc and blades, including air-cooling passages. Phase 2 is to be concluded in March. F104 (ATF3) Geared three-shaft turbofan. A military variant of the ATF3 is under development as the 4,0001b-5,0001b XF104-GA-100 to power the Teledyne Ryan Model 235 YQM- 98A high-altitude, long-endurance surveillance RPV, one of two entries in the USAF's Compass Cope programme. Alti tudes of 50,0001 t-70,000ft are specified, coupled with endur ances of 24hr-30hr. For the Ryan design (Compass Cope R). the F104 offers a low s.f.c. and low infra-red emission result ing from the engine's mixed, reverse-flow layout. The 24:1 pressure ratio of the F104 also minimises Reynolds Number effects at high altitude. The YQM-98A has yet to fly, and the F104 is not planned to complete its preliminary flight-rating test until later this year. The engine is also being considered as an alternative power unit for the competing Boeing Com pass Cope B at present powered by the General Electric J97 turbojet Nasa/AiResearch Small Turbofan Projects. AiResearch is studying a series of small low-cost turbofan designs for busi ness aircraft under a programme sponsored by Nasa's Advanced Concepts and Missions Division. These are in the l,3001b-l,5001b bracket and are intended to explore size, cost and related factors in engine and airframe design to facili tate further penetration of the turbine into the small busi ness aircraft market, in particular into the domain at present exclusively held by piston engines: The turbofans are of various two-shaft configurations, with bypass ratios ranging from 5:1 up to 9:1 for a geared-fan version. Stagg AiResearch is one of four US engine manufacturers participating in the US Army-financed programme for de velopment of a Small Turbine Advanced Gas Generator (Stagg). Air mass-flow is around lOlb/sec. T76 (TPE331) Single-shaft turboprop. Dating from the early 1960s, the T76 is the military turboprop derivative of the somewhat earlier TSE331 commercial turboshaft. Rated at 715 s.h.p., the T76 has found only one application, the Rock well International OV-10A Bronco (2XT76-G-10 and -12), of which about 300 have been built. Proposals are in hand for uprating the engine to more than 1,000 s.h.p. in both its mili tary and commercial TPE331 forms, development being financed jointly by the US Navy and AiResearch. Navy in terest is in a Nogs (Night Observation Gun Ship) version of the Bronco for the US Marine Corps. The configuration of the T76 is the same as that of the TPE331 except for the use of a chin intake rather than an above-the-gearbox intake. TFE731 Geared two-shaft turbofan. Currently AiResearch's most promising engine, the TFE731 has been under company- financed development since 1970. Its most significant appli-
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