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Aviation History
1978
1978 - 0031.PDF
FLIGHT International, 7 January 1978 39 hot-end fabricated parts. In January last year, however, Piaggio signed a licence; agreement with R-R for the Viper 632-43 (Macchi MB.339). Fiat will supply Piaggio with the portion of the engine which it has developed. Main com mercial engine activity at Fiat is its four per cent participa tion in the JT10D-4 programme, for which the company signed an agreement with Pratt & Whitney Aircraft in July last year. Fiat is responsible for design and development of the accessory-drive gearboxes and other external hardware. Fiat Aviazione also has a 100 per cent holding in Motoravia Sud (see page 53) and a one-third stake in Turbomotori Internazionale. GARRETT AIRESEARCH (USA) AiResearch Manufacturing Company of Arizona. Head quarters: 402 South 36th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85034. Tel: (602) 267-3011. Division of Garrett Corporation, itself a subsidiary of Signal Companies Incorporated. Signal is a conglomerate organisation with activities including trucks and aerospace, in particular aero and non-aero gas turbines. Corporate assets $1,869 million (£1,064 million) and employees 42,300. Corporate sales in 1976 up by 11 per cent to $2,452 million (£1,396 million), of which Garrett Corp accounted for more than $700 million (£399 million); nearly 30 per cent of this represented aero-engine and related aerospace sales. Garrett employs approximately 14,000 people.- During 1975 and 1976 Signal Companies did not put up a particularly good financial performance. But third-quarter results for 1977 showed major increases in both sales (up by 24 per cent) and net earnings (up by 63 per cent). In fact, net income for the nine months exceeded the 1976 12-months figure by 12 per cent. This achievement was due to improved productivity and strong markets in all the sectors in. which Signal operates. The Garrett Corporation, which accounts for about 30 per cent of all Signal sales, has 15 major divisions and subsidiaries. Within this organisation the AiResearch Manufacturing Company of Arizona has the largest single payroll, with about 5,200 employees. It is one of the more successful units of Signal, thanks largely to rising demand for its TFE731 turbofan and TPE331 turboprop. As the world's leading manufac turer of small gas turbines, Garrett has built well over 35,000 units for aircraft propulsion and APU, GPU, starter, industrial power-generation and marine applications. A good measure of AiResearch's achievement is the 0-25 million hours flying clocked-up each month by its various aircraft power units, the one million hours each month by its APUs, and the close-on 2-5 million starts by its aircraft turbine starters. In another sector, Garrett in conjunction with KIockner-Humboldt-Deutz (see page 51) is developing a new 550 h.p. automotive gas turbine, the GT101, for heavy-duty road vehicles. Garrett's unique ATF3 turbofan, now selected for the Falcon 20G ATF3 (F104) Geared three-shaft turbofan. First run in May 1968, the ATF3 remained in the doldrums for some years, having failed to attract its intended business-jet applications. Rated in the 4,000-6,0001b sector, the ATF3 is unique in having a three-shaft cross-compounded layout in which the fan is driven by the i-p turbine, and the i-p compressor by the I-p turbine; the h-p compressor is driven by the h-p turbine. This configuration, according to Garrett, enables the engine to offer not only a high pressure ratio but also an exceptionally low cruise s.f.c, rapid thrust response and low noise. A key change in the fortunes of the Garrett turbofan came in January 1977, when the US Coast Guard ordered 41 Dassault-Breguet Falcon 20G Guardians powered by two 5,3001b ATF3-6-2c units as its new medium-range multi-mission aircraft. Garrett was awarded a contract for ATF3s valued at over $82 million (£46-7 million). Compared with the CF700-powered Falcon F, the Garrett-powered Falcon G has 20 per cent more thrust, a fuel consumption reduced by as much as 66 per cent, and a 10 per cent reduction in take-off run. First flight of a modified Falcon F, with an ATF3-6 in the starboard nacelle, took place last November. It will be used for engine certification, due for completion by October or November. Certification of the Falcon G, under the designation HU-25A, is expected by March 1979, with deliveries starting in July that year. In addition, Dassault- Breguet has taken more than 35 orders for re-engining Falcon Fs with the 5,0301b ATF3-6-lc. Engine deliveries for the retrofit programme will start next year. There was at one time a projected ATF3-powered version of the Rock well International Sabreliner 80A. ATF3-6-1 c Single-stage geared fan, five-stage i-p compres sor, singl&stage centrifugal h-p compressor, annular reverse-flow combustor, single-stage h-p turbine, three-stage i-p turbine, two-stage 1-p turbine. Take-off 5,0301b, bypass ratio 2-7:1, pressure ratio 25:1, mass flow 1621b/sec, length 92in, diameter 32-8in, weight 9781b. ETJ (J401) Single-shaft turbojet. Few details of this 6301b- thrust expendable engine have been revealed. Being developed for the US Navy under the experimental designa tion XJ401-GA-400, it features a four-stage axial com pressor, annular combustor and single-stage turbine, has a diameter of ll-6in and weighs only 1111b. Potential applications include missiles and RPVs. Other AiResearch units in the same series appear to be the earlier 4301b ETJ331 and the ETJ100 with three-stage axial compressor. The latter was developed under the US Navy's SETE (Supersonic Expendable Turbine Engine) programme for use in future tactical cruise missiles. ETJ131 Single-shaft turbojet. Rated at 1001b thrust, the ETJ131 was reported by Garrett last year as being under active development. The engine is understood to embody AiResearch turbocharger components, a single annular combustor, and highly simplified controls. The aim is a low-cost engine for decoy and target vehicles. F104 (ATF3) Geared three-shaft turbofan. Military variant of the ATF3, the 4,0501b YF104-GA-100 has found an appli cation only in the Teledyne Ryan Model 235 YQM-98A in the USAF's Compass Cope R competitive programme for high-altitude, long-endurance surveillance RPVs. After a series of successful flights, including missions at over 55,000ft for more than 24hr continuously, the YQM-98A lost in 1976 to its Boeing YQM-94A opponent. The F104 thrust could grow to 9,0001b with afterburning. Gate Turbofan. The General Aviation Turbine Engine programme, which is jointly sponsored by Nasa and the US Environmental Protection Agency, was initiated early last year with the award of contracts to Garrett and Lycoming. Garrett's contract was valued at $4-1 million. Testing of quiet, clean general-aviation turbofans is scheduled for later this year. Maximum use is to be made of existing engines, the TFE731 in the case of the Garrett entry. Additional testing and evaluation of the engines by Nasa's Lewis Research Centre is planned for 1979. Demon strator testing of alternative low-emission combustor designs has also* been initiated, with air-blast fuel injection and pre-mix fuel-vaporising techniques. These features will hopefully enable future general-aviation engines to meet EPA 1979 emission targets. Stagg Garrett was one of four companies participating in the US Army-financed programme for development of a
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