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Aviation History
1985
1985 - 0107.PDF
INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE DIRECTORY Aerospace/Aerospatiale. A decision is expected in the spring of 1985. Payload 50 transponders: (shore to ship) L-band (6 • 42/1 • 54GHz) (ship to shore) C-band (l-64/4-2GHz) Owner ESA (leased to Inmarsat) Manufacturer British Aerospace Orbit Geostationary—Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean regions Launch/location/status Marecs A Dec 1982 Ariane/26°W B Sep 1982 Ariane/lost on launch B2 Nov 1984 Ariane 3/177-5E/ replaces Marisat F3 Stabilisation 3-axis Power (end of life) 0-75kW Weight (at launch) 1-060kg Cost £58m Remarks Similar to ECS bus (derived from OTS orbital test satellite). Marisat Capacity on Marisat, the world's first maritime communications satellite, is leased by Comsat Corporation to the US Navy and Royal Navy (UHF) and Inmarsat (C and L bands). Payload UHF, L-band, and C-band tran sponders Owner Comsat Corporation Manufacturer Hughes Aircraft Orbit Geostationary Launch/location Marisat Fl Feb 1976 Delta/WW F2 Oct 1976 Delta/73°E F3 Jun 1976 Delta/176-5°E Stabilisation Spin Power 0-3kW Weight (at launch) 655kg Design life 5 years Remarks All three craft have exceeded their design lives. Morelos Morelos (formerly Illhuica) is Mexico's first domestic communications satellite. The operational network will comprise two satellites in geostationary orbit. Payload 4 14/12GHz transponders 18 6/4GHz transponders Owner Mexico Manufacturer Hughes Aircraft Orbit Geostationary Launch/location Morelos A May 1985 Shuttle/113 • 5° W B Nov 1985 Shuttle/116-5°W Stabilisation spin Design life 9 years Cost $92m (1982)—2 craft plus ground control Remarks HS376 bus. Of the 18 C-band transponders, 12 are narrowband (36MHz) and 6 are wideband (72MHz). Olympus Olympus, formerly L-Sat, is a new gener ation of large European communications satellites. Olympus 1, first in the series, is essentially a test satellite (similar in concept to OTS, forerunner of ECS and Marecs), combining direct TV broadcast, British Aerospace is prime contractor for Europe's Olympus large communications satellite business telecommunications, and experi mental millimetre-wave communications payloads. Britain and Italy dominate this European Space Agency programme, France and Germany being committed to TV-Sat/TDF 1. Growth versions of Olym pus could weigh up to 3,700kg at launch and generate almost 8kW of power from a 60m-span solar array, enough to run 12 direct-broadcast channels. Payload 2 30/20GHz transponders 4 14/12GHz transponders 2 18/12GHz transponders (DBS) Owner ESA Manufacturer British Aerospace Orbit Geostationary Launch/location Olympus 1 Jul 1987 Anane/19°W Stabilisation 3-axis Power 3 • 5kW Weight (at launch) 2,300kg Design life 5 years Cost £230m (1981)—1 flight plus components for a spare Remarks The Ka-band (30/20GHz) pay- load includes two steerable spot beams for high-power communications and a propa gation beacon to measure the effect of weather on millimetre-wave transmis sions. The Ku-band (14/12GHz) payload includes specialised commercial services via five overlapping spot beams steerable as a group with satellite-switched time- division multiple access between four channels. The 18/12GHz DBS payload includes two steerable beams, one aimed at Italy, the other at Europe. Palapa B Permutel, Indonesia's telecom munications administration, is now on its second generation of communications satellites. Palpa 1 and 2, launched in July 1976 and March 1977 and located at 83°E and 77°E respectively, were built by Hughes Aircraft. Each had a seven-year design life and a payload of 12 C-band transponders. The Palapa B series, also built by Hughes Aircraft, have double the capacity and four times the power of the earlier satellites. The second craft, Palapa B2, was placed in the wrong orbit after deployment from the Shuttle in February 1984. Indonesia, which had already ordered a third craft, received $80 million in insurance compensation. Payload 24 6/4GHz transponders Owner Permutel, Indonesia Manufacturer Hughes Aircraft Orbit Geostationary Launch/location/status Palapa Bl Jun 1983 Shuttle/108°E B2 Feb 1984 Shuttle/incorrectly orbited B3 Stabilisation Spin Power (start of life) lkW Weight (at launch) 1,200kg Design life 8 years Cost $80m (1980)-2 craft Remarks HS376 bus. Palapa B2 was re covered and returned to Earth by Shuttle in November 1984, and is up for resale by its new owners, the insurance underwriters. FLIGHT International, 12 January 1985 35
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