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Aviation History
1985
1985 - 0109.PDF
INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE DIRECTORY Owner Satellite Television Corporation Manufacturer RCA Astro-Electronics Orbit Geostationary—110°E Launch STC 1 Mar 1986 Shuttle 2 Jun 1986 Shuttle Stabilisation 3-axis Power (end of life) 1 • 7kW Design life 7 years Cost $113m—2 craft TDF 1 TDF is France's version of the Franco- German direct-broadcast satellite being developed by Eurosatellite, a joint company formed by Aerospatiale, MBB, AEG-Telefunken, Thomson-CSF, and ETC A of Belgium. TDF 1 will provide a pre-operational service, with two of its four channels leased to Radio-Tele- Luxembourg (CTL). A second craft, TDF 2, has been ordered to provide an oper ational system. Payload 4 18/12GHz transponders Owner CNES Manufacturer Eurosatellite Orbit Geostationary Launch/location TDF TDF 2 Jul 1986 Ariane Aug 1987 Ariane 4 Stabilisation 3-axis Power (end of life) 3kW Weight (at launch) 2,000kg Design life 7 years CostDM520m (1982)—TDFand TV-Sat 1 Remarks TDF 1 has four 230W chan nels, TDF 2 will have five. TDF and TV- Sat form the basis of the Aerospatiale/ MBB Spacebus 300. TDRS Nasa's tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS) will provide tracking and communications relay for up to 40 different manned and unmanned space craft, up to 26 simultaneously, with cover age of from 85 to 100 per cent of the user's orbit depending on its altitude. The oper ational network comprises three satellites in orbit, one a spare, plus three flight- ready ground spares. TDRSS is owned and operated by Spacecom, a joint venture by Continental Telephone and Fairchild Industries, under a ten-year lease from Nasa. Nasa in turn leases all TDRS capa city from Spacecom. The first satellite, TDRS A, was incorrectly orbited after de ployment from Shuttle when its Boeing IUS inertial upper stage malfunctioned. In an operation lasting 58 days Nasa suc ceeded in raising the craft to geostation ary orbit using its altitude control thrust - ers. The partly exhausted satellite will be moved to the spare location at 79°W once TDRS B and C are safely in place. Payload S, Ku, and C-band transponders (see remarks) Owner Space Communications (leased to Nasa) Manufacturer TRW Defence and Space Systems Orbit Geostationary—Atlantic and Pacific locations Launch/location/status TDRS A Apr 1983 Shuttle/41 °W/ achieved GEO in Jun 1983 BFeb 1985 Shuttle 171°W C Jul 1985 Shuttle/will replace A Stabilisation 3-axis Power (end of life) 1 • 7kW Weight (in orbit) 2,120kg Design life 10 years Remarks The TDRS communications payload is as follows: two duplex S-band single-access channels, two duplex Ku-band single-access channels, one S-band 20-user multiple-access return (receive) channel, one S-band 20-user multiple-access forward (transmit) channel, and 12 C-band (commercial) communications repeaters. The single- access system uses two steerable, 4-9m diameter S/Ku-band antennas. The multiple-access system uses 30 S-band helix antennas: received signals are frequency-division multiplexed into a single composite signal for transmission; 12 of the 30 antennas are then used to form a steerable transmit beam. The Ku-band transmission system can handle 300 million bits/sec of digital information. TDRS is the first satellite to combine S, C and Ku bands. Telecom 1 France's first domestic tele communications satellite, Telecom 1, has three roles; to provide Ku-band data transmission and videoconferencing facil ities to business users in France, to provide C-band long-distance telephone and TV relay services between France and its overseas departments, and to carry military communications. The oper ational network will comprise two satellites in orbit, plus a spare. 1985 should see the launch of two more TRW-buUt TDRS tracking and data relay satellites FLIGHT International, 12 January 1985
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