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Aviation History
1985
1985 - 0124.PDF
INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE DIRECTORY Remarks Aeritalia is Hipparcos integra tor. Telescope has a carbonfibre primary structure. ICE Formerly the third International Sun- Earth Explorer, ISEE-3 has been redes ignated the International Cometary Explorer (ICE), and will be the first satellite to conduct a close encounter with a comet when it flies through the tail of Giacobini-Zinner on September 11, 1985. ISEE-3 was for four years in orbit around the Earth-Sun liberation point observing the solar wind. In June 1982 the space craft was moved, renamed, and in late 1983 completed a lunar flyby which set it on its new course. ICE will also pass within 30 million km of Halley's comet on March 28, 1986. Owner Nasa Manufacturer Fairchild Launch Aug 1978 Delta Stabilisation spin Design life 3 years Weight 480kg ISO The European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) is intended to complement Nasa's Space Telescope operating in the visible spectrum. ISO will conduct all-sky surveys and detailed observations. Payload 60cm-diameter cryogenically cooled telescope Owner European Space Agency Orbit elliptical, 1,000km perigee, 39,400km apogee, inclined 5-3° Launch by Ariane in late 1980s/early 1990s Stabilisation 3-axis Weight (at launch) 1,800kg Design life 18 months Remarks The cryogenically cooled focal- plane detectors will be sensitive to a range of infrared emissions from ljim to 200(im. LDEF Nasa Langley's long-duration exposure facility (LDEF) is an extremely simple, reusable satellite designed to provide a means for investigating the effects of long exposure to the harsh environment of space. Deployed by Shuttle, LDEF is intended to remain in orbit for about nine months before being retrieved and returned to Earth. The satellite has no f)ower, no attitiude control, and no data ink. Many experiments are purely passive, others carry their own battery Nasa's LDEF long-duration exposure facility was placed in orbit in April 1984, and is scheduled to be recovered in March 52 power and tapes for recording data. LDEF 1 carries 57 experiments and was deployed in April 1984 for recovery in March 1985. Owner Nasa Manufacturer Nasa Langley Orbit circular, 450km high Launch April 1984 Shuttle Stabilisation None Power None Weight 10,000kg Design life 18 months maximum Cost $14m—LDEF 1 and 57 experiments. Mars Observer Nasa's Mars Observer (formerly Mars geoscience/climatology observer) will study the climate, atmosphere, and surface of the planet over a period of one Martian year (681 Earth days). Mars Observer is the first of Nasa's Planetary Observer series, which aims to reduce development cost by using existing space craft designs. Candidates for Mars Observer include Hughes Aircraft's HS376 communications satellite, RCA's Tiros N weather craft, and TRW's Fltsat- com military communications satellite. Mission Mars Observer will be launched by Shuttle in August 1990, using Orbital Science's transfer orbit stage (TOS). The craft will arrive at Mars in August 1991, entering a low-altitude, near-polar orbit that will become Sun-synchronous after two months. During its 681-day mission, Mars Observer will determine the elemen tal and mineralogical character of the planet's surface, measure its topography, gravity and magnetic fields, investigate its atmosphere, and study seasonal changes. On completion of its mission the space craft will be boosted to a higher, 525km orbit to comply with rules which forbid orbit decay before 2039. Payload 100kg—potential instruments include visual, infrared, ultraviolet, and gamma-ray spectrometers, radar alti meter, atmospheric sounder, ultraviolet photometer, and magnetometer. Owner Nasa Manufacturer to be decided Orbit (Mars) Sun-synchronous, 320km x 380km, inclined 93° Launch by Shuttle and TOS in August 1990 Stabilisation 3-axis Weight (at launch) c2,100kg (in Mars orbit) c550kg Cost $250m Rosat West Germany's Rosat X-ray satellite includes USA and British involvement. Rosat's first objective after launch by Shuttle in 1987 will be to complete an all-sky survey of X-ray sources, followed by detailed observation of specific sources. Payload Wolter-type X-ray telescope high-resolution imager (Nasa) wide-field camera (SERC) Owner DFVLR Manufacturer Dornier prime Orbit circular, 475km high, inclined 57° Launch by Shuttle in September 1987 FLIGHT International, 12 January 1985
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