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Aviation History
1988
1988 - 3473.PDF
WORLD'S AIR FORCES are jointly operated with TAM, Paraguay's military airline. Aviacion de la Armada Nacional Paraguay Although it is a land-locked country, Paraguay has a Navy which it uses to patrol the Paraguay River. An aviation component flies river patrol and liaison missions, the helicopters operating from platforms on river patrol vessels. Type No Role Air Force EMB-326 Xavantc AT-6G Texan EMB-312 Tucano T-25 Universal T-23 Uirapuru C.212 Aviocar Convair C-131D C-47 Dakota DHC-6 Twin Otter Cessna 421/337/U-17 DHC-3 Otter UH-1B Iroquois HB.350B Ecureuil Hiller UH-12 Bell 47G Navy Cessna U206/210 AT-6G Texan Cessna 150 HB.350B Ecureuil Bell 47G 9 12 6 5 8 4 1 7 1 1/1/1 1 3 3 2 4 3/1 2 - 2 1 2 Peru Coin Coin Training Training Training Transport Transport Transport Transport Comms Comms Transport Liaison Liaison Liaison Patrol Training Training Patrol Patrol/Liaison Fuerza Aerea Peruana Faced with age-old border disputes, the Peruvians maintain large and modern armed forces. The country appears deter mined to maintain superiority over the air forces of neighbouring Bolivia, Chile, and Ecuador. In 1976 Peru became the first South American coun try to order Soviet equipment, buying Su-22 Fitters, An-26 Curls, Mi-6 Hooks, and Mi-8 Hips. Despite serviceability problems with the Su-22s, which apparently require high maintenance man- hours per flying hour compared with Western types, Peru purchased a second batch in 1980. The An-26 fleet was replaced with An-32s in 1987. Having originally ordered 26 Mirage 2000s in December 1982, with an option on another ten, Peru's recurring financial problems caused repeated changes to the order, with ten single- seaters and two trainers finally being agreed upon. Pilots began training in France in 1985. Also a victim of the country's poor economy was the plan, cancelled in late 1984, to build 66 MB.339s under licence in Peru as a follow-on to the 16 aircraft bought directly from Italy in 1981. Twenty EMB- 312 Tucano trainers were purchased from Brazil in 1987 to replace T-37s. The Mirage Vs of Grupo 13 at Chiclayo have been updated with INS, Huds, and advanced fire-control systems, while ten more were transferred to Argentina in late 1982. Peru continues to deliberate over the choice of a new helicopter, with the Mi-17 under consideration as a low-cost alternative to the preferred UH-60 Blackhawk. Servicio Aeronaval de la Marina Peruana Fixed- wing maritime patrol duties are now flown only by S-2 Trackers since the loss of the single F.27 Maritime in December 1987. A second F.27 Maritime had already crashed in June 1986. The Navy also has a shipboard ASW capability provided by a fleet of AB-212ASWs with Sea Killer missiles for use from frigates, plus Agusta SH-3 Sea Kings armed with AM-39 Exocets for shipping attacks. Aviacion del Ejercito Peruano The Peruvian Army air arm is principally a transport force, with Mi-8s as its mainstay. The review of the Mi-17 and UH-60 by the Air Force also extends to the Army. The Army's commitment to operations in jungle and mountain regions, where helicopters are ideal, explains the compara tively small number of fixed-wing aircraft in service. Type No Role Air Force Mirage 2000/2000B 10/2 Mirage VP/VDP 14/ Su-22/2211 Fitter 42/4 Canberra B(I).68/B.52/56 20 Canberra T.54 2 A.37B Dragonfly 29 MB.339AP 13 EMB-312 Tucano 19 Cessna T-4ID 15 Cessna 150F 4 Boeing 707 1 L-100-30/-30 Hercules 5/3 C-130D Hercules 4 An-32 Cline 22 DHC-5A Buffalo 14 DHC-6 Twin Otter 19 DC-8-62CF 2 FH-227 1 F.28 Fellowship 1000 1 ' Falcon 20F 1 Learjet 25B/36A 2/2 King Air 90 3 Queenair 14 PA-31T Cheyenne 1 Cessna 421 1 PC-6B Turbo-Porter 12 Cessna U206/185 1/4 Mi-24 Hind 2 Mi-6 Hook 6 Mi-8 Hip Bell 212/214ST 3/5 UH-1H Iroquois 12 Bell 206B JetRanger 8 BO.105C 18 Alouette III 2 Bell 47G 12 Navy S-2E/G Tracker 7/4 T-34C Turbo-Mentor 6 C-47 Dakota 5 Super King Air 200/200C 6 SH-3H Sea King 9 •AB.212ASW 6 UH-ID Iroquois , 6 Alouette III 2 Bell 206B JetRanger 8 Army Mi-6 Hook 2 Mi-8 Hip 34 Alouette III 6+ SA.315B Lama/Alouette II 7/1 Bell 47G 6 Queenair 65 1 Cessna 337 U-10A Courier 5 Cessna U-17A/150/206 5/1/2 Int/Training Int/Attack/Trng Attack/Training Attack Training Coin Training Training Training Training Tanker Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport VIP VIP Survey/Calib Communications Communications Commun i cat i on s Commun i cat i on s Utility Liaison Attack Transport Transport Transport Utility Training Utility Liaison Training MR/ASW Training Transport Communications ASW/Anti-ship ASW Utility ASW/Utility Liaison Heavy Lift Transport AOP AOP/SAR Liaison VIP ' Comm Liaison Liaison Philippines Philippine Air Force Following the overthrow of the Marcos regime in 1986, the PAF, like the other branches of the armed forces, underwent command changes. It now faces severe funding constraints. The F-8 Crusaders, which had always been costly to maintain, have been withdrawn, some two years before their previously planned retirement date. Additional secondhand F-5As, or F-5E Tigers, may be purchased to replace the Crusaders. Other economy measures included the deactivation of some SF.260 trainers and the disposal of the oldest transports. Despite the crit ical lack of money, an order for 18 S-211 trainers with options on 18 more was signed in September 1988. The aircraft will be assembled bv PADC in the Philippines. Seven T-33As were passed on to the PAF during 1988 following their retirement from USAF service at Clark AFB. A letter of intent for 15 Broman 2000 transports has also been signed. A small Naval air arm continues to operate its fleet of transport and liaison aircraft, while Army helicopters are incorporated into the PAF for oper ational purposes. Type No Role Air Force F-5A/B 9/2 T-28D Trojan 3 T-33A/RT-33A 14/3 S-211 18** T-34A Mentor 12 SF.260M/W 35+ CessnaT-41D 12 F.27 Maritime 3 Hu-16B Albatross 4 C-130H/L-100-20 Hercules 2/2 F.27 Friendship 200 8/1 C-47 Dakota 5 Nomad Missionmaster 12 BN-2A Islander 23 Cessna U-17B 15 + Cessna 180/210/310 6/4/1 S-70A Blackhawk 2 Bell 212/214 1/2 UH-1H Iroquois/Bell 205A-1 76/15 Sikorsky S-76/AUH-76 2/14 BO.105C 10 Navy BN-2A Islander 4 BO.105C 4 Inl/Training Coin Training/Recce Training Training/Coin Training/Coin Training MR SAR Transport Transport/VIP Transport Utility Utility Liaison Liaison Transport/VIP VIP/Utility Utility SAR/Coin Liaison SAR/Transport SAR/Liaison On order Poland Polskie Wojska Lotnicze The largest of the Warsaw Pact air forces after that of the Soviet Union, the PWL operates about 900 aircraft. Also in Poland are the 350 or so aircraft of the Soviet 37th Air Army. As in other WarPac countries, the Air Force is seen primarily as long-range, quick- reaction artillery for Army use, and the PWL's inventory reflects this philosophy. The service is organised on Soviet lines, with two or three squad rons per regiment. Each squadron is assigned an average of 15 aircraft, but some two-squadron regi ments operate up to 20 aircraft per squadron. The PWL is undergoing a modernisation programme, with MiG-23s and Su-20s replacing Lim-5/6s (Polish built MiG-17s) and Su-7s in the ground- attack role. There are six ground-attack regiments. Air defence still falls largely to 11 regiments of MiG-21s although the first MiG-23 air defence regiment became operational in 1986. The air defence regiments are closely integrated with nine SAM regiments operating about 400 SA-2s and SA-3s from around 50 sites. Recon naissance forces include MiG-21RFs, Il-28s, and Lim-6s. Transports include An-12, An-26, 11-14, and An-2s, while a Warsaw-based Govern ment VIP flight has suitably configured Tu-134s, II-18s, Yak-40s, and Mi-8 helicopters. Ten helicopter regiments operate Mi-2, Mi-4s and Mi-8s, plus Mi-24 Hind gunships. Weapons training and light attack duties are flown by a single-seat version of the indigenous TS-11 Iskra trainer. Other trainers are TS-8s, MiG- lSUTIs, MiG-21Us, and Su-7Us. The PZL Orlik rrtSay also be entering service to replace the TS-8, while the new 1-22 jet trainer will replace the TS-11. Norskie Lotnictwo Wojskowe The land-based Naval air arm operates a regiment of Lim-5s, FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL, 3 December 1988 67
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