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Aviation History
1993
1993 - 2633.PDF
COMMERCIAL AIRLINERS OF THE WORLD Abbreviations used in this directory: BAe: British Aerospace; CAA: UK Civil Aviation Authority; CFMI: CFM International; DASA: Deutsche Aerospace; EFIS: electronic flight instrumentation system; ER: extended range; ETOPS: extended-range twin-jet operations; F: freighter; FAA: US Federal Aviation Administration; FADEC: full-authority digital engine control; FAR: Federal Aviation Regulations; GE: General Electric; IAE: International Aero Engines; ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organisation; ILFC: International Lease Finance; JAA: Joint Airworthiness Authorities; MDC: McDonnell Douglas; MGTOW: maximum gross take-off weight; MTOW: maximum take-off weight; P&W: Pratt & Whitney; R-R: Rolls-Royce; SST supersonic transport; STOL: short take-off and landing; TBD: to be determined; TCAS: traffic alert and collison-avoidance system; UPS: United Parcel Service. Conversion factors used in Flight International: Except for altitude, which is quoted in feet (1,000ft = 305m) and speed, which is quoted in knots (nautical miles per hour) (lkt (nm/h) = 1.15mph = 1.85km/h) metric measure is used as follows: lkN = 2251b-thrust; lkW = 1.34hp(shp); lm = 3.28ft; lm2 = 10.76ft2; lm3 = 35.3ft3; 1kg = 2.21b; lkm/h = 0.54kt; 1 litre = 0.264 US gal, 0.22 Imp gal; 1km = 0.54nm. Some figures are rounded for ease of reading. AIRBUS Airbus Industrie, 1 Rond Point Maurice Bel- lonte, F-31707 Blagnac Cedex, France. Tel: +33 (61) 93 33 33; fax: +33 (61) 93 37 92; telex: 530526 F AIRBU. Airbus Industrie is exploring two possible large-aircraft programmes: one on its own and the other with Boeing. The British Aerospace/ Aerospatiale/Deutsche Airbus/CASA consortium is studying an Ultra High Capacity Aircraft to fit between the A340 and any future 600-seat machine. It would have a range of 11,000- 13,000km. In January, Boeing and the Airbus member companies separately began a year-long feasibility study of a 600- to 800-seat, three-class Very Large Commercial Transport (VLCT) with a range of about 13,000km, which could operate from most of today's large international airports and Would have development potential for larger and longer-range derivatives. Their initial market projection is for 400 to 500 VLCTs in the first decade of the next century. Deutsche Aerospace, an Airbus Industrie part ner, has revealed its first proposal for a 600- to 1,000-seat long-range transport, the A2000. This features a conventional cabin cross-section, with three vertically stacked passenger decks. Passen ger seating would be economy class on the top deck, business class in the middle, with first- class accommodation situated on the lower deck. The A2000's technical details include: length 78m, wingspan 80m, height 23m, wing area 760m2; MTOW 530t; range 13,000km; 615 passengers; cruise speed Mach 0.85. Power could be provided by the new increased-bypass-ratio GE GE90 or P&Ws ultra-highbypass Advanced Ducted Propulsor engine which is now under development. Four so-called A-300 based Super Trans porters are being built to replace the "Guppys" Airbus A310-300 IB used by the consortium to ferry large sub assemblies (see SATIC entry). Airbus A319 Airbus formally launched the A319 on 10 June, 1993, forecasting a market for some 400 aircraft, but also predicting consequent additional A320-series sales as operators try to gain from commonality. ILFC has ordered six and Airbus is optimistic of securing an Air Inter deal. Estimated non-recurring development costs are $275 million and final assembly will take place, as with the A321, at Hamburg. Planned entry into service is early 1996. CFMI is expected to develop a lOOkN version of its CFM56-5 and IAE has been approached about a scaled-down V2500 powerplant. The type competes with the planned Fokker 130, in which DASA has an interest as well, but Airbus does not believe that it competes with any of the smaller types of regional aircraft. This model has a shorter fuselage than the A320s and de-rated CFMI and IAE engines. The aircraft is offered typically as a two-class, 124- seat, short- to medium-haul type. The basic A319 is projected to be flown 3,700km with a full passenger load. It has an MTOW of 64t. A higher gross-weight option has an MTOW of 68t and a range of 5,200km. It would have crew rating commonality with the other Airbus narrowbodies. Airbus A320 The JAA has certificated the IAE V2527-A5-powered version which is due to enter United Airlines service at the end of the year and also to receive FAA approval shortly. United will use the proficiency-orientated Advanced Qualification Programme for pilot training for the first time. Ansett began operating 120min ETOPS during the year on its Perth-Cocos Islands-Christmas Island services. of Yemen Airlines Total A320 orders come to some 660, of which more than 400 have been delivered. New commitments during 1993 included three for All Nippon Airways. Airbus A321 Four examples of the A321 were being flown at the beginning of October 1993 — two with IAE V2500 engines and two with CFM56s. The type is assembled in Hamburg, making it the first large civil aircraft to be built in Germany since the Second World War. The A321's front fuselage is built by Aerospatiale-St Nazaire; a 4.3m-long, 4m-diameter fuselage sec tion is supplied by Italy's Alenia; and the wings are built by British Aerospace at Chester and Filton. Deutsche Airbus builds the centre and rear fuselage, incorporating sections provided by Aerospatiale, British Aerospace and Spain's CASA, which also supplies the tailplane. Cabin installations are carried out by Deutsche Airbus at Hamburg. Aerospatiale furnishes the aircraft at Toulouse. The aircraft is 6.93m longer than the A320, with 13 more fuselage frames. It has 24% more seats and 40% greater hold volume. It has wing changes, including an extended trailing-edge with Fowler flaps and tabs, rede signed flap track and tab fairings. Higher operat ing weights and the extra length will allow it to carry 186 passengers in a two-class layout. Airbus has obtained JAA certification for the IAE-powered version and expects approval for the CFMI aircraft in February 1994, ready for entry into service with Lufthansa shortly after. Alitalia expects to take delivery of the first CFM-powered aircraft in March 1994. Eleven customers have ordered 153 A321s. Commitments include: Air Inter (7); Alitalia (40); Ansett Australia (10); Austrian Airlines (6); Euralair (2); GATX/CL Air (4); GPA (13); Iberia (8); ILFC (24); Lufthansa (20); Swissair (19). Airbus A300/A310 The first A300-600F is due to be flown in December 1993 ready for FAA/JAA certification and delivery to Federal Express, which has ordered at least 25, in April 1994. Five of the variant, powered by FADEC- equipped GE CF6-80C2 engines, are scheduled to be produced during 1994, and six a year thereafter. Federal Express intends to use them initially on its US domestic routes, replacing Boeing 727-100s. The aircraft has a heavily- modified fuselage with a 3.5 x 2.5m main-deck cargo door, strengthened floor, 9g safety-barrier net, and only two forward personnel doors. A main-deck cargo-loading system will be installed after the first flight. Two configurations are offered: the first is for maximum payload and will carry 54.78t some 3,550km, and the other is for maximum range, taking 50.98t for 4,850km. South African Airlines is meanwhile converting one of its A300B4s into a full- freighter version, with assistance from Airbus. Aeroflot Russian International Airlines has accepted five A310-300s — the first Western civil aircraft to be given a Russian type certifi cate. Qantas is also a new operator, having acquired Australian Airlines' four A300B4s when the companies merged. The A300-600 and A310 now both have 180min ETOPS clearance for all engine types, allowing them to plan to operate up to 180min single-engine diversion time from the nearest suitable airport. Airbus expects to gain 120min approval for the GE/FADEC A300-600 at entry into service in July 1994. The A300B4 is due to receive 90min clearance in late 1993. Emirates has received approval for multiple passenger telephone calls on the A300-600R and the capability is being added to the A310. The FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 27 October - 2 November, 1993
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