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Aviation History
1994
1994 - 0568.PDF
ELECTRONIC WARFARE Lockheed Fort Worth F Country Bahrain Belgium Denmark Egypt Greece Indonesia Israel Netherlands Norway Pakistan Portugal South Korea Taiwan Thailand Model/s F-16C/D F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16C/D F-16C/D F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16C/D F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16A/B F-16C/D F-16A/B F-16A/B Quantity 12 160 63 38 127 80 12 71 148 184 59 38 20 39 120 150 18 Turkey F-16C/D 160 16 export inventory - December 1993 Remarks 8 F-16Cs, 4 F-16DS 113 F-16As, 20 F-16Bs current. 116 aircraft delivered by 1981. 44 additional aircraft delivered between 1987 and 1991. 49 F-16As, 14 F-16Bs current. 33 F-16As, 5 F-16Bs current. 108 F-16Cs, 19 F-16Ds. Second batch of 13 F-16Cs and second batch of 13 F-16Ds being delivered. Egyptian F-16s delivered under the Peace Vector 1 to 4 programmes, 40 F-16C/Ds delivered by 1992. Additional 40 F-16 C/Ds on order. 8 F-16AS, 4 F-16BS. 63 F-16As, 8 F-16Bs. 53 F-16Cs, 25 F-16Ds current. 35 F-16CS, 35 F-16Ds being delivered. 210 aircraft in service as of December 1993. 20 F-16s to be sold in 1996, plus a further 16 after 2000. 48 F-16AS, 11 F-16BS A further 71 F-16C/Ds on order. 11 built, 60 on hold because of US arms embargo. Block 15 aircraft. Delivery to start during 1994. 29 F-16AS, 10 F-16Bs On order — 12 aircraft to be delivered from the USA, 36 aircraft to be built from Lockheed kits by Samsung Aerospace and 72 aircraft to be built under licence by Samsung 14 F-16As, 4 F-16Bs. USA reported to have offered Thailand an additional 18 Peace Oryx 1 programme — majority being built under licence in Turkey by TUSAS. Peace Oryx 2 — 80 as first batch of additional 160 known to have received an undisclosed number of Block 2 systems for its F-16s. On the F-18, the US contractors Litton, Lockheed Sanders, Northrop, Texas In struments and Tracor are involved in EW provision for export Hornets. Litton has supplied its ALR-67 RWR to Australia, Canada, Kuwait and Spain for use on the type, while Lockheed Sanders has sold its ALQ-126B pulsed radar-jammer into the same four countries. Alongside the Westinghouse-ITT team, Dassault Electronique, GEC-Marconi Defence Systems (GEC-MDS), Lockheed Sanders, Loral, Northrop and Raytheon are actively looking for future business in the integrated-EW export market. DASSAULT ELECTRONIC Dassault Electronique is developing the EWS-16 integrated jamming/warning sys tem aimed at the F-16. This system incorporates similar technology to that of the Carapace in its RWR subsystem, which is combined with a high-power multi-threat-capable jammer. An EWS-16- type solution may be proposed to Belgium to fulfil the potential requirement for an active jammer to complement the Carapace systems already planned for its F-16s. Lockheed Sanders says that the -126B is a power-managed, 86kg unit which can be re-programmed by its users and has multiple jamming techniques. As applied to the F-18, the system uses a seven- element antenna array beneath the air craft's nose and centre fuselage, above the centre fuselage and at the rear of the starboard vertical fin. A standard installation on US Navy Hornets, the ALQ-126B is designed to be GEC-MDS The GEC-MDS Zeus integrated jamming/ warning system was offered against the ASPIS for the Greek F-16 order and is thought to have been proposed to Vene zuela for its F-16s. GEC-Marconi is not apparently pursuing specific F-16/F-18 business, but the company notes the availability of the Zeus and declares its continuing interest in seeing the system on the F-16 and F-18. LOCKHEED SANDERS Lockheed Sanders is attacking future F- 16/F-18 business with the ALQ-126B and a new jammer being developed with Israeli contractor Elisra. The next target market appears to be Malaysia, where the system is reported to be part of the interoperable with other EW equipment, such as the ALR-67 RWR and the ALQ- 162 CW jammer — carried by Canadian and Spanish F-18s in addition to the -126B — and Texas Instruments' AGM-88 High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM). Intended to home on to and disable hostile radar emitters, the HARM is being supplied to Spain for its EF-18s. Tracor is, as on the export F-16, the major countermeasures-dispenser supplier for overseas Hornet users. Its ALE-39 system is fitted to F-18s operated by Australia, Canada, Kuwait and Spain, while its "smart" ALE-47 system has been selected for Hornet use by Finland, Malay sia and Switzerland. Canada's CF-18 may also be rigged to carry the Ericsson Erijammer A100 EW-training jammer as part of the country's Electronic Support Training (EST) programme. MAJOR BATTLEFIELDS Against this background of supplied or selected equipment, Egypt, Finland, Ma laysia, Singapore, South Korea, Switzer land, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela are likely to be the next major battlegrounds in the F-16/F-18 EW- provisioning market. Key factors in many (if not all) of these countries will be the USA's attitude to software exports, the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programmes compared to direct commercial contracts, airframe- equipment integration and the fate of Westinghouse/ITT's ALQ-165 Advanced Self-Protection Jammer (ASPJ). The US Department of Defense allows the export of maintenance and integration software for EW systems, but not the application codes which drive the opera tional capability. This has become an increasingly significant issue as customers become more demanding over technology government-to-government F-18 package. The company has also test flown an "improved" -126B in an F-16. It sees this as a "candidate [system] for the F-16C". The joint development programme with Elisra is characterised as being a "meld ing" of technologies from both companies. The system (which exists in prototype form) is aimed at the Israeli home market and is being offered by Elisra for Finland's F-18 programme. LORAL Like Lockheed Sanders, Loral is ap proaching the market place with two products, the ALQ-178 system and a new, autonomous jammer designated the ALQ- 202(V). Weighing around 91kg, the ALQ- 202 consists of four (F-16) or five (F-18) boxes and is essentially a modernised version of the jamming sub-system used in the ALQ-178, combined with receiver Future business prospects 38 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 2 - 8 March, 1994
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