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Aviation History
1999
1999 - 2276.PDF
Russia is taking no chances, and is even train ing an emergency Soyuz TM crew to fly into orbit to hard-dock the Zvezda if for some reason it fails to join properly with the Zarya control module. The Zarya and its attached US node, Unity, have limited attitude control capability and the Zvezda is required. It will also provide additional work and living space. Once the Zvezda is attached to the ISS, the Shuttle can start flying again, with a logistics mission in December and an ambitious sequence of major assembly missions next year. There is no guarantee that the Zvezda will meet its launch date, however, and it could con ceivably be lost in a launch failure. NASA has contracted the Naval Research Laboratory to build an Interim Control Module (ICM). If the Zvezda fails or it is delayed beyond February, NASA will launch the ICM in its place. The ICM will be a modified version of a pre viously classified 12.5tspacecraftbus originally designed for a Shuttle launch. The bus was used to launch Naval Ocean Surveillance System satellites on Titan IV boosters. The ICM has been built but needs modification before it can fly. Changes include use of a smaller propulsion engine, three inertial measurement units, three-axis stabilisation control and an attitude control system designed to maintain the atti tude of a changing configuration. The ICM will have to be launched on the Space Shuttle - further altering and delaying the assembly schedule. The Zvezda delay will have to be significant to make this worthwhile. The ICM will dock to the Zarya module and would provide propulsion and attitude control for up to three years. Another option is to use the ICM to refuel the Zvezda in place of Russian Progress M tankers. The ICM, however, will not provide living space for continual manning by three crew, as would the original Zvezda design. The ICM would give the ISS a flexibility that will not be allowed later. "The assembly sequence may be slightly flexible early on, for example, putting something on one side rather than on the other, but in the later stages there isn't flexibility. You can't send something up unless it has something to attach to. The assem bly is from the inside out," Shaw says. Despite the ISS delays, Boeing has been delivering its Space Station components regu larly as part of its contract. The Space Station Processing Facility' at the KSC is "chock full" of ISS components waiting to fly, so much so that a former Spacelab processing building nearby has been called into service to house the truss components for the station. "Our philosophy is that we are going to con tinue to deliver hardware as close to the delivery date as we can, as part of our contract and we will support the government between then and the time of launch in some sort of sustaining arrangement," says Shaw. "If there are further delays, it will not have an impact on Boeing, but obviously the programme will be affected." • • IJhUVM.imH^*WM,]!K.i!Nl1IITa December 1998-November 2000 20 November 1998 Flight/Country/Vehicle/Crew 1A/R Russian Unmanned /Proton Element(s) *Zarya Control Module 4 December 1998 2AUS* Endeavour STS88 Cdr: Cabana, Pit: Sturckow MS: Currie, Krikalev (Russia). MS/EVA: Ross, Newman. Node 1 Unity Two Pressurised Mating Adapters (PMAs) EVAs 27 May 1999 2A.1US Discovery STS96 Cdr: Rominger, Pit: Husband. MS/EVA: Jernigan, Barry. MS: Ochoa, Payette (Canada)Jokarev (Russia) *Spacehab double cargo Module logistics mission with 2,000kg of cargo EVA 12 November 1999 2 December 1999 February 2000 Crew March 2000 Crew: April 2000 1R Russian* Unmanned/Proton Service module. Zvezda 2A.2 US* Atlantis STS101 Cdr: Halsell, Pit: Horowitz, MS: Weber, Lu, Williams Spacehab double cargo module logistics mission 3AUS Discovery STS92 Cdr: Duffy, Pit: Melroy, . MS/RMS: Wakata, MS/EVA: Wisoff, MS/EVA: Chiao, MS/EVA: McArthur, MS/EVA: topez-Algeria. •Integrated Truss Structure (ITS) Zl *PMA-3 *Ku-band, S-band Communications System •Control moment gyros (CMGs) March 2000 Crew: 2R Russian* Soyuz ISS crew 1: Soyuz Cdr: Gidzenko, FE: Krikalev, ISS Cdr: Shepherd Soyuz TM Expedition crew 1 4AUS* Endeavour STS97 Cdr: Jett, Pit: Bloomfield* MS/EVA: Tanner, MS/EVA: Noregia, MS: Garneau ITSP6 'Photovoltaic module * Radiators S-band transponder 5AUS Atlantis STS98 *US laboratory module. Destiny Crew: June 2000 July 2000 Crew: August 2000 Crew: September 2000 Module-1 (DCM-1) November 2000 Abbreviations: MS= missior Cdr: Cockrell. Pit: Polansky MS: Ivins, MS/EVA: Lee, MS/EVA: Jones 5A.1US* Discovery STS102 MS: Umberto 6AUS Endeavour STS100 ISS crew two: Soyuz Cdr and tSS Cdr: Usachev, Crew: Voss, Helms. STS crew: MS/EVA: Hadfield. MS/EVA: Curbeam* ISS crew one down 7AUS* Atlantis STS104 MS/EVA: Gemhardt, MS/EVA: Reilly 4R Russian Soyuz 7A-1 US* Discovery STS105 specialist. EVA=spacewalk Multi-purpose logistics module (MPLM) Leonardo. Laboratory outfitting and resupply *MPLM, Rafaello •ultra high frequency (UHF) antenna •Space Station Remote manipulating system (SSRMS) Expedition crew two Joint airlock *High pressure gas assembly •Docking Compartment *Strela boom Donatello MPLM FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 4 - 10 August 1999 43
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