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Aviation History
1945
1945 - 2506.PDF
FLIGHT DECEMBER 27TH, 1945 CAS TURBINE PROBLEMS arrangements for disc cooling, and in the provision of better materials, but to the extension of knowledge of stress effects. In the gas, turbine disc, the presence of high temperature and steep temperature gradients means that high, stress may be accompanied by plastic strain. The -treso distribution departs from the pre- dictions of elastic theory, there is high jesidual stress when cold, and the natural vibration • frequencies are func- tions of the stress conditions. Also, the cycles of strain and temperature modify !he stress-strain characteristics of the material, in which there may be struc- tural changes. The Gas Turbine Col- laboration Committee determined upon ?, thorough exploration of the disc prob- lems and appointed a special sub-com- mittee* for the purpose. In addition to theoretical investigations, valuable ex- perimental research is being done by Dr. Bailey in the research department of the Metropolitan-Vickers Company to ex- plore quantitatively the phenomena I have noted. For this work a special electrically-heated furnace is used to pro- duce required stress distributions by applying known temperature gradients. Each gas turbine firm has had its own group of workers in research or, probably more accurately, in that broad belt wherein research and development are indis- m The Rolls-Royce Derwent V engine was used in the lished a world speed record of 606 Gloster Meteor which estab- m.p.h. • Dr. S. L. Smith, Dr. K. \S\ Bailey. Dr. Ker Wilson. Diagram of the " return-flow " combustion system of the ; - ' . . classic Whittle engine. I Diagram of the "straight-through " arrangement originally demonstrated on the Halford H.I. engine. tinguishable. In addition, there has been at all times a large group engaged in general problems, correlative and advisory work. This is the group, led in lecent years by Mr. Hayne Constant, whose pioneer work in axial compressors at the Koyal Aircraft Establishment I have already noticed. To-day they form part of the organisation known as Power Jets (Research and Development) Limited. The broad treatment of a . • ;•• • t : large canvas which at the out- set I indicated as my objective, whilst it should do rough justice to engineering achieve-' merits, is less suited to an appreciation of the work of the research .teams. I may perhaps mention, however (without be- ing tempted into the details which they invite) the re- searches by Mond Nickel, Firth- Vickers, Jessops and the National Physical Laboratory on high-temperature materials'; ' the work by the Power Jets team on burners; the work by Power Jets (Research and De- velopment) , Lucas and de Havilland teams on combustion technique; . the work of the X >,<•" The Vickers Wellington flying test bed with W2/700 engine.
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